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这学期上了一门写作课,改回来的结果有80%错在定冠词和不定冠词的使用。自己稍稍研究了一下也和写作老师讨论过后,小结一下定冠词在地质年代前的使用规则。
为了有个参照,我找了两篇文章的句子作为分析。第一篇是我老板的老板美国人O.T.Tobisch的发表的最后一篇论文。之所以没有“就地取材”用自己老板的,因为觉得他平时不拘小节,所以在写作语言的准确性上有点不信任。而作为Tobisch的封笔之作,相信他后期的语言驾驭能力已炉火纯青。第二篇是Leo老板J.P.Platt 发表在GSAB, 1986年的成名作,引用超过700次。之所以选他是要和Tobisch的背景有所区别。Platt是一个有绅士风度的英国人,教学严谨,1986年在Oxford。这样做也可以考察英式英语和美式英语之间的差别。
下面直接上句子:
1-6句 从Tobisch et al., 2000文章
(1) [...] exposed Mesozoic volcanic section ranging in age from Late Triassic to mid-Cretaceous.
(2) The eariler structural history of the wall rocks of the Cretaceous batholith is more elusive [...].
(3) Late Triassic to Early Jurassic metavolcanic rocks [...] make up the base of the section [...].
(4) [...] the upper tuff unit overlies the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic units along an erosional discomformity .
(5) [...] a highly faulted zone that contains Late Triassic to Early Jurassic volcanic rocks [...].
(6) Recent structural studies [...] has emphasized Cretaceous shear-zone development [...].
7-14句 从Platt,1986文章
(7) Fossil ages range from Late Jurassic to Late Cretaceous, [...].
(8) [...] blue schist-facies metamorphism continued at least until Late Cretaceous time [...].
(9) [...] it places mid-Jurassic ophiolite over Late Jurassic to Cretaceous sediments of the Franciscan [...].
(10) [...] the material that must originally have overlain the Late Jurassic high-P rocks of the eastern Franciscan.
(11) The Coastal Belt consists of relatively coherent graywackes of Late Cretaceous to Eocene, and possibly toMiocene age.
(12) [...] removal of 30-40 km of rock by erosion from above the Franciscan by Late Cretaceous time.
(13) The Franciscan does not appear to have been a major source of detritus until the Miocene.
(14) Franciscan Complex formed a submerged ridge until at least the Late Cretaceous and [...].
后来在写作老师帮助下,得到几条规律。以上14句的定冠词的使用都是正确的。
直接上规律:
(A) 地质年代作为形容词属性,前面不加定冠词。例子:1,3,5,6,7,8,9,11,12
(B) 地质年代作为纯时间概念,前面加定冠词。例子:13,14
(C) 地质年代作为前缀形容词描述特指名词,前面加定冠词。例子:2,4,10
第一句,ranging from Late Triassic to mid-Cretacous, 作为形容词属性,尽管词组本身没有在名词之前。
第二句,特指the host rocks of the Cretaceous batholith.
第八句,作为形容词修饰time.
第十句,特指high-P rocksof the eastern Franciscan.
第十一句,尽管作为形容词修饰age,但of Late Cretaceous to Eocene, and possibly to Miocene age本身作为一个形容词组修饰graywackes,所以不加定冠词。
第十三句,作为纯时间概念,没有形容词属性.
如有错误,欢迎指正。
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