http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ele.12082/abstract

A global quantitative synthesis of local and landscape effects on wild bee pollinators in agroecosystems

Ecology Letters (2013) 16: 584–599

Bees provide essential pollination services that are potentially affected both by local farm management and the surrounding landscape. To better understand these different factors, we modelled the relative effects of landscape composition (nesting and floral resources within foraging distances), landscape configuration (patch shape, interpatch connectivity and habitat aggregation) and farm management (organic vs. conventional and local-scale field diversity), and their interactions, on wild bee abundance and richness for 39 crop systems globally. Bee abundance and richness were higher in diversified and organic fields and in landscapes comprising more high-quality habitats; bee richness on conventional fields with low diversity benefited most from high-quality surrounding land cover. Landscape configuration effects were weak. Bee responses varied slightly by biome. Our synthesis reveals that pollinator persistence will depend on both the maintenance of high-quality habitats around farms and on local management practices that may offset impacts of intensive monoculture agriculture.

密蜂类提供重要的传粉服务潜在的受到局地农田管理和周围生态景观的影响。未来更好的理解这些不同因素的作用，我们用模型研究了全球范围内39中农业系统中景观组成（觅食距离内的巢穴和花资源）、景观配置（斑块性状、斑块间的连通性和生境的聚合度）和农田管理（有机 vs. 传统管理局地农田尺度多样性）对蜂类多度和物种丰富度影响的相对作用以及相互作用。结果发现蜂类的多度和物种丰富度在由更多的高质量生境组成的多样的有机农田景观中更高；多样性低的传统农田中蜂类物种丰富度从周围的高质量生境中获益最多。景观配置的效应微弱。不同生态区中蜂类的响应略微不同。我们综合分析显示传粉者的存在有赖于能抵消集约化单一农业影响的农田周围高质量生境的维持和局地的管理措施。