美国Museumof Modern Art外景一瞥

黄安年文  黄安年的博客/2015年8月6日下午美东时间;7日凌晨北京时间发布

美国Museumof Modern Art(MoMA)是美国民众喜欢参观的现代大众艺术博物馆,根据介绍“The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is an art museum located in MidtownManhattan in New York City, on 53rd Streetbetween Fifth and Sixth Avenues.It has been important in developing and collecting modernist art, and is often identified as themost influential museum of modern art in the world.^[2] The museum's collection offers an overview of modern andcontemporary art,^[3] including works of architecture and design, drawing, painting, sculpture, photography, prints, illustrated books and artist's books, filmand electronic media.

The Library's holdings include approximately 300,000books and exhibition catalogs, over 1,000 periodical titles, and over 40,000files of ephemera about individual artists and groups.^[4] The archives holds primary source material related tothe history of modern and contemporary art.^[5]“”“

 由于时间的限制我只是浏览了博物馆的外景和书店，里面的许多展馆并没有参观。

 一层大厅有艺术实验室和雕塑花园，商店；二层是当代艺术画廊，版画与图书,媒体，特别展厅;三层是建筑与设计,素描，摄影，特别展览; 四层是绘画与雕塑二馆（1940-1980年代）,五层是绘画与雕塑一馆（1980-1940年代）； 六层是特别展览； 还有T2第二电影院,第二电影院艺廊；M第三电影院;T1第一电影院，第一电影院艺廊等。

老年人（65岁以上）门票18美元， 电影票10元。

照片29张,除说明是翻拍外,其他均为5日下午即时随即拍摄的。

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Museum of Modern Art

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For other uses, see Museum of Modern Art(disambiguation).

The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is an art museumlocated in MidtownManhattan inNewYork City, on 53rd Street between Fifthand Sixth Avenues. It has been important indeveloping and collecting modernist art, and is often identified as the mostinfluential museum of modern art in the world.^[2] The museum's collection offers an overview of modern and contemporary art,^[3] including works of architecture and design, drawing, painting, sculpture, photography,prints,illustrated books and artist'sbooks, film andelectronic media.

The Library's holdings include approximately 300,000 books and exhibitioncatalogs, over 1,000 periodical titles, and over 40,000 files of ephemera aboutindividual artists and groups.^[4] The archives holds primary source material related to the history of modernand contemporary art.^[5]

MoMA also houses a restaurant, the Modern, run by Alsace-born chefGabriel Kreuther.

History

Heckscher and other buildings (1929–39)

The idea for The Museum of Modern Art was developed in1929 primarily by Abby AldrichRockefeller (wife of John D.Rockefeller, Jr.) and two of her friends, Lillie P. Bliss and Mary Quinn Sullivan.^[6] They became known variously as "the Ladies", "thedaring ladies" and "theadamantine ladies". They rented modest quarters for the new museumin the Heckscher Buildingat 730 Fifth Avenue(corner of Fifth Avenueand 57th Street)in Manhattan,and it opened to the public on November 7, 1929, nine days after the Wall Street Crash.Abby had invited A. Conger Goodyear,the former president of the board of trustees of the Albright ArtGallery in Buffalo, New York,to become president of the new museum. Abby became treasurer. At the time, itwas America's premier museumdevoted exclusively to modern art, and the first of its kind in Manhattan to exhibitEuropean modernism.^[7] One of Abby's early recruits for the museum staff wasthe noted Japanese-American photographer Soichi Sunami (at that time best known for hisportraits of modern dance pioneer Martha Graham), who served the museum as itsofficial documentary photographer from 1930 until 1968.^[8]

Georges Braque, 1911–12, Man with a Guitar(Figure, L’homme à la guitare), oil on canvas, 116.2 x 80.9 cm (45.75x 31.9 in)

Goodyear enlisted Paul J. Sachs and Frank Crowninshield to join him as foundingtrustees. Sachs, the associate director and curator of prints and drawings atthe FoggMuseum at Harvard University, was referred to in thosedays as a collector of curators. Goodyear asked him to recommend a director andSachs suggested Alfred H. Barr, Jr., a promising young protege.Under Barr's guidance, the museum's holdings quickly expanded from an initialgift of eight prints and one drawing. Its first successful loan exhibition wasin November 1929, displaying paintings by VanGogh, Gauguin, Cézanne,and Seurat.^[9]

First housed in six rooms of galleries and offices on the twelfth floor of Manhattan's Heckscher Building,^[10] on the corner of Fifth Avenueand 57th Street,the museum moved into three more temporary locations within the next ten years.Abby's husband was adamantly opposed to the museum (as well as to modern artitself) and refused to release funds for the venture, which had to be obtainedfrom other sources and resulted in the frequent shifts of location.Nevertheless, he eventually donated the land for the current site of themuseum, plus other gifts over time, and thus became in effect one of itsgreatest benefactors.^[11]:376,386

During that time it initiated many more exhibitions of noted artists, suchas the lone Vincent van Gogh exhibition on November 4, 1935.Containing an unprecedented sixty-six oils and fifty drawings from the Netherlands,as well as poignant excerpts from the artist's letters, it was a major publicsuccess due to Barr's arrangement of the exhibit, and became "a precursorto the hold van Gogh has to this day on the contemporary imagination".^[11]:376

53rd Street (1939–present)[edit]

1930s and 1940s[edit]

The museum also gained international prominence with the hugely successfuland now famous Picasso retrospective of 1939–40, held in conjunctionwith the Art Institute of Chicago. In its range ofpresented works, it represented a significant reinterpretation of Picasso forfuture art scholars and historians. This was wholly masterminded by Barr, aPicasso enthusiast, and the exhibition lionized Picasso as the greatest artistof the time, setting the model for all the museum's retrospectives that were tofollow.^[12]

The entrance to The Museum of Modern Art

When Abby Rockefeller's son Nelson was selected by the board of trustees tobecome its flamboyant president in 1939, at the age of thirty, he became theprime instigator and funder of its publicity, acquisitions and subsequentexpansion into new headquarters on 53rd  Street. His brother, DavidRockefeller, also joined the museum's board of trustees in 1948 and tookover the presidency when Nelson was elected Governor of New York in 1958.

David subsequently employed the noted architect PhilipJohnson to redesign the museum garden and name it in honor of his mother,the Abby Aldrich RockefellerSculpture Garden. He and the Rockefeller family in general have retained aclose association with the museum throughout its history, with the Rockefeller Brothers Fund funding theinstitution since 1947. Both David Rockefeller, Jr. and Sharon Percy Rockefeller (wife of Senator JayRockefeller) currently sit on the board of trustees. In 1937, MoMA had shiftedto offices and basement galleries in the Time-Life Building in Rockefeller Center. Its permanent and currenthome, now renovated, designed in the International Style by the modernistarchitects Philip L. Goodwin and Edward Durell Stone, opened to the public onMay 10, 1939, attended by an illustrious company of 6,000 people, and with anopening address via radio from the White House by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.^[13]

1958 fire

On April 15, 1958, a fire on the second floor destroyedan 18 foot long Monet Water Lilies painting (the current Monet water lilies wasacquired shortly after the fire as a replacement). The fire started whenworkmen installing air conditioning were smoking near paint cans, sawdust, anda canvas dropcloth. One worker was killed in the fire and several firefighterswere treated for smoke inhalation. Most of the paintings on the floor had beenmoved for the construction although large paintings including the Monet wereleft. Art work on the 3rd and 4th floors were evacuated to the Whitney Museumof American Art which abutted it on the 54th Street side. Among the paintingsthat were moved was A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jattewhich had been on loan by the Art Institute ofChicago. Visitors and employees above the fire were evacuated to theroof and then jumped to the roof of an adjoining townhouse.^[14]

1969 controversy

In 1969, the MoMA was at the center of a controversy over its decision towithdraw funding from the iconic anti-war poster And babies.

Expansion from 1983 to present

Stairs in the Museum of Modern Art

Cross-section of the Museum of Modern Art

Sculpture in the Museum of Modern Art

In 1983 the Museum more than doubled its gallery and increased curatorialdepartment by 30 percent, and added an auditorium, two restaurants and abookstore in conjunction with the construction of the 53-story Museum Toweradjoining the museum.^[15]

In 1997 the Japanese architect Yoshio Taniguchi beat out ten otherinternational architects to win the competition to execute the redesign of themuseum. MoMA's midtown location underwent extensive renovations in the early2000s, closing on May 21, 2002, and reopening to the public in a building redesignedby Taniguchi along with Kohn Pedersen Fox, on November 20, 2004. FromJune 29, 2002, until September 27, 2004, a portion of its collection was ondisplay in what was dubbed MoMA QNS,a former Swingline staple factory in Long Island City, Queens. The expansion, including an increase inMoMA’s endowment to coveroperating expenses, cost $858 million in total.^[16] The project nearly doubled the space for MoMA'sexhibitions and programs and features 630,000 square feet (59,000 m²) of new and redesigned space. The Peggyand David Rockefeller Building on the western portion of the site housesthe main exhibition galleries, and TheLewis B. and Dorothy Cullman Education and Research Building on theeastern portion provides over five times more space for classrooms,auditoriums, teacher training workshops, and the museum's expanded Library andArchives. These two buildings frame the enlarged Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Sculpture Garden.

The architecture of the renovation is controversial. Atits opening, some critics thought that Taniguchi's design was a fine example ofcontemporary architecture, while many others were extremely displeased withcertain aspects of the design, such as the flow of the space.^[17][18][19]

The Lewis B. and Dorothy Cullman Education and Research Buildingmarked the culmination of the Taniguchi project, providing significantlyincreased space for MoMA's wide-ranging educational and research activities.^[20] The building also features an entrance for schoolgroups, a 125-seat auditorium, an orientation center, workshop space forteacher training programs, study centers, and a large lobby with double-heightviews into the Sculpture Garden.

Museum of Modern Art is selling its last vacant parcel of land in Midtown for$125 million to Hines Development,an international real estate developer based in Houston. Hines in turn announced plans tobuild 53W53, a skyscraper to be as tall as the Empire State Building.In 2009 the NewYork City Department of City Planning said the building could onlybe built if it was 200 feet shorter than the original plan. As of March 2015^[update], foundation works are ongoing.

In 2011 the museum acquired the American Folk ArtMuseum which adjoined its property to the east for $31.2 million.^[21][22] Two years later, it later announced in April that itplanned to demolish the folk museum. After much protest,^[23] architecture firm Diller Scofidio +Renfro was hired to evaluate whether the folk art building could beincorporated into a renovation.^[24]

In early 2014, the museum unveiled Diller Scofidio +Renfro's plans for a redesign of its building, featuring a retractable glasswall, new gallery space and the opening of its entire first floor, includingthe sculpture garden, free to the public. In particular, the proposed expansionwould give the museum 15,500 square feet of new gallery space in the formersite of the American Folk Art  Museum and 39,000 in 53W53. Construction on theproject is scheduled to be finished by 2018 or 2019.^[24]

Exhibition houses

The MoMA occasionally has sponsored and hosted temporary exhibition houses,which have reflected seminal ideas in architectural history.

• 1949: exhibition house by Marcel     Breuer

• 1950: exhibition house by Gregory     Ain^[25]

• 1955: Japanese Exhibition     House by Junzo Yoshimura, reinstalled in Philadelphia, PA     in 1957–58 and known now as Shofuso Japanese House and     Garden

• 2008: Prefabricated houses     planned^[26][27] by:

• Kieran Timberlake Architects

• Lawrence Sass

• Jeremy Edmiston and Douglas      Gauthier

• Leo Kaufmann Architects

• Richard Horden

Artworks[edit]

PabloPicasso, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907

ClaudeMonet, Reflections of Clouds on the Water-Lily Pond, c.1920

See also: List of works in the Museumof Modern Art § Department of Painting and Sculpture

Considered by many to have the best collection of modern Westernmasterpieces in the world, MoMA's holdings include more than 150,000 individualpieces in addition to approximately 22,000 films and 4 million film stills. Thecollection houses such important and familiar works as the following:

• Francis Bacon, Painting (1946)

• Umberto Boccioni, The City Rises

• Paul     Cézanne, The     Bather

• Marc     Chagall, I and the Village

• Giorgio de Chirico, The Song of Love

• Salvador Dalí, The Persistence of Memory

• Max Ernst,     Two     Children Are Threatened by a Nightingale

• Paul     Gauguin, Te aa no     areois (The Seed of the Areoi)

• Albert     Gleizes, Portrait     of Igor Stravinsky, 1914

• Jasper     Johns, Flag

• Frida     Kahlo, Self-Portrait     With Cropped Hair

• Roy Lichtenstein, Drowning     Girl

• René Magritte, The Empire of Lights

• Henri     Matisse, The Dance

• Jean     Metzinger, Landscape,     1912–14

• Piet     Mondrian, Broadway Boogie-Woogie

• Claude     Monet, Water Liliestriptych

• Barnett     Newman, Broken Obelisk

• Barnett Newman, Vir Heroicus Sublimis (Man, Heroic     and Sublime)

• Pablo     Picasso, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon

• Jackson Pollock, One:     Number 31, 1950

• Henri     Rousseau, The Dream, 1910

• Henri Rousseau, The Sleeping Gypsy

• Vincent van Gogh, The Starry Night

• Andy     Warhol, Campbell's Soup Cans

• Andrew     Wyeth, Christina's World

Selected collection highlights[edit]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art