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Writing the Discussion and Conclusions

已有 2858 次阅读 2009-12-21 21:22 |个人分类:未分类|系统分类:科研笔记

Good papers have a targeted discussion, to keep it focused. The discussion should preferably be structured to include the following six components (Docherty and Smith, 1999):
1.         statement of principal findings
2.         strengths and weaknesses of the study
3.         strengths and weaknesses in relation to other studies
4.         meaning of the study, possible mechanisms and implications for clinicians and policymakers
5.         unanswered questions and future research
6.         Conclusion.
Statement of principal findings: The opening of the discussion usually gives the answer to the research question, or a restatement of the principal findings. This should not normally be more than a few sentences. It is advisable that the discussion start with a sentence that clearly shows that the paper includes new information. Reviewers often start with a “null hypothesis” that the paper does not add anything new.

Conclusion: A good paper ends with strong clear conclusions. It has been said that the body of a good paper is a “thunderbolt in reverse”: it begins with thunder (introduction) and ends with lightning (conclusions) (Byne, 1998). Conclusions should be linked with the goals of the study, and should be limited to the boundaries of the study. Authors should avoid unqualified statements and conclusions not completely supported by the data. For example, they should not make statements on economic benefits and costs unless their manuscript includes economic data and analysis. Authors should refrain from claiming unjustified priority about the findings. It should be noted that a negative finding could be as important as a positive finding.



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