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我们的身体每天都在上演一场场“无声的战争”。免疫系统像军队一样，识别并消灭外来的细菌、病毒和肿瘤细胞，保护我们免受感染和疾病。但问题是，这支军队必须足够聪明：它要能区分“敌人”和“自己”，否则就会把自己的身体当成攻击目标，引发各种自身免疫病。 关键防线：免疫系统的“容忍机制”（中枢耐受机制） ...

Background The nucleolus is the cellular hub for ribosome biogenesis, where RNA polymerase I (Pol I) transcribes rRNA genes. Because many cancers depend on elevated ribosome production, Pol I inhibitors such as CX-5461 have attracted attention as anti-cancer agents. However, beyond blocking rR ...

Background TRIM (Tripartite Motif) proteins are a large family of E3 ubiquitin ligases involved in immunity, development, intracellular signaling, and disease. They share a conserved modular architecture containing a RING domain, B-box(es), coiled-coil (CC) domain, and variable C-terminal domains. A ...

Background Molecular binding in liquids is fundamental to many processes in chemistry, soft matter, and biology, including viral attachment, transcription factor binding, enzymatic reactions, self-assembly, and drug interactions. Traditionally, binding dynamics have been modeled as memoryless ...

Picture from The nucleolus as a multiphase liquid condensate | Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology Across the cell cycle, the nucleolus is not a static body but a highly dynamic condensate whose organization is tightly coupled to ribosome biogenesis and cell-cycle state. ...

Background This study addresses a central question in chromosome biology: how the 3D genome is rebuilt when cells exit mitosis and re-enter G1 phase. During mitosis, transcription is broadly suppressed and higher-order chromatin organization is extensively disrupted. Although previous work ...

Background Three major SMC-complex activities shape chromosome architecture in mammalian cells: extrusive cohesin , which drives loop extrusion and supports TADs/loops in interphase; cohesive cohesin , which holds sister chromatids together; and condensins , which organize mitotic ch ...

Background Higher-order chromatin structures (A/B compartments, TADs, and loops) are largely disrupted during mitosis and must be re-established after cell division. However, the temporal order, mechanisms, and dependencies of this reorganization remain unclear, especially how different archi ...

Background The genome is normally organized into A/B compartments, TADs, and chromatin loops, but the mechanisms that actually drive compartment formation and separation are still not fully understood. This is especially unclear because, in interphase, many factors act at the same time, inclu ...

从叶嘉莹先生的诗教探讨学术学习与师承关系 叶嘉莹先生和她学生的学术师承超越了简单的知识传授，而且 展现了一种精神、品格与学术生命的完整传递。她的教育实践不仅是一种学术传授，更是一种“生命相续”的诗教典范。 师生关系的理想映照 1. “传道”：学问与生命的融合叶嘉莹先生的学问，根植于她对古典 ...