How to cite this paper: Chi, D.L. (2021)
Multiple Debye Spherical Layers and Universe-gravitation
originates from electric force..
Journal of Applied Mathematics and
Physics , 9, 477-483.
https://doi.org/10.4236/jamp.2021.93033
Received: November 16, 2020
Accepted: March 26, 2021
Published: March 29, 2021

Abstract
Electric field superposition principle and Gauss’s law are the basis of electrostatics.
By extended analysis on the electric field lines of a charge, it is
shown that electric field superposition principle and Gauss’s law are not tenable
in some states, involving the electric field of ion atmosphere that is a key
concept in Debye-Hückel theory of electrolyte solution and plasma. Unveiling
Debye shield, ion atmosphere (Debye spherical layer 1) actually is equivalent
to continue to transmit the electric field originated from the central ion, just
changing the direction of the electric field. Debye spherical layer 2 and multiple
Debye spherical layers generate in the transmission. Due to the effect of
the multiple Debye spherical layers of charged particles in the universe, gravitation
originates from electric force.