Bt棉田狼蛛的猎物遭遇和猎物营养含量是否影响猎物选择

Wolf spiders are abundant and voracious predators at the soil-plant interface in cotton crops. Among other prey, they attack late-instar larvae of the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa spp., an economically important pest. Consequently, wolf spiders in transgenic Bt cotton could provide significant biological control of Bt-resistant Helicoverpa larvae that descend to the soil to pupate. The predator-prey interactions between wolf spiders and Helicoverpa could, however, be constrained by the presence of alternative prey and intraguild predators. This study used laboratory enclosures to analyse the effect of alternative prey on predatory selection of the wolf spider Tasmanicosa leuckartii Thorell. The prey included another wolf spider Hogna crispipes Koch (potential intraguild predator), the ground cricket Teleogryllus commodus Walker (minor pest), and Helicoverpa armigera larvae (major pest). We tested if encounter rates, prey vulnerability, and prey nutritional content influenced the likelihood that a prey was attacked. In three-way food webs, Tasmanicosa encountered and attacked Teleogryllus and Helicoverpa in similar frequencies. However, in the presence of a competing intraguild predator and potential prey (Hogna) in a four-way food web, Tasmanicosa did not always attack Teleogryllus at first encounter, but still attacked Helicoverpa at each encounter. Helicoverpa (protein-poor) and Hogna (protein-rich) were consumed by Tasmanicosa in similar proportions, suggesting that Tasmanicosa might benefit from nutrient balance as an outcome of diverse prey in this food web. As Teleogryllus (protein rich) escapes quicker than Helicoverpa and Hogna, Hogna may be an easier protein-rich option than Teleogryllus. Field surveys showed that while Teleogryllus was the most common prey, wolf spiders feed on diverse insect taxa, as well as other spiders. That Tasmanicosa readily attacked Helicoverpa larvae in the presence of alternative prey is an encouraging result that supports the potential of Tasmanicosa predation to assist in the control of Bt-resistant Helicoverpa larvae and thereby inhibit the proliferation and spread of resistance.

狼蛛是棉田土壤-植物交界丰富而又贪婪的捕食者。在其他猎物中，它们攻击棉铃虫Helicoverpa spp.的晚龄幼虫，这是一种重要的经济害虫。因此，转Bt基因棉花上的狼蛛对下到土壤化蛹的抗Bt棉铃虫幼虫有显著的生物防治作用。然而，狼蛛和棉铃虫之间的捕食者-猎物之间的相互作用可能会受到替代捕食者和行内捕食者的存在的限制。本研究利用实验室围栏分析了选择性捕食对狼蛛Tasmanicosa leuckartii 捕食选择的影响。猎物包括另一种狼蛛Hogna crispipes(潜在的行内捕食者)、地面蟋蟀Teleogrolus Commodus Walker(次要害虫)和棉铃虫幼虫(主要害虫)。我们测试了相遇率、猎物脆弱性和猎物营养含量是否影响猎物被攻击的可能性。在三向食物网中，Tasmanicosa 以相似的频率遇到并攻击蟋蟀Teleogcrlus和棉铃虫Helicoverpa。然而，在四向食物网中有相互竞争的行内捕食者和潜在猎物(Hogna)存在的情况下，Tasmanicosa并不总是在第一次遭遇时攻击Teleogrolus，但在每次遭遇时仍然会攻击Helicoverpa。Tasmanicosa以相似的比例消耗Helicoverpa(缺乏蛋白质)和Hogna(富含蛋白质)，这表明Tasmanicosa可能从营养平衡中受益，这是这个食物网中捕食不同猎物的结果。由于蟋蟀Teleogryllus(富含蛋白质)比Helicoverpa和Hogna逃逸得更快，因此Hogna可能是更容易得到的富含蛋白质的选择。实地调查显示，虽然Teleogcrlus是最常见的猎物，但狼蛛和其他蜘蛛一样，以不同的昆虫分类群为食。Tasmanicosa很容易在有替代猎物的情况下攻击棉铃虫幼虫，这是一个令人鼓舞的结果，支持了Tasmanicosa 捕食的潜力，以帮助控制Bt抗性的棉铃虫幼虫数量，从而抑制Bt抗性的增殖和传播。

intraguild predators，其他人多翻译为集团内捕食者，我个人认为保留默认的“行（行会）内捕食者”这个翻译，其实也是不错的。

有道翻译等翻译软件对一些英文学术词汇的翻译也是参考了一些中英对照的摘要，但每个人的水平参差不齐，专门学术词汇的翻译需要有一些专业性的订正，至少生态学领域就该加强。

Rendon, D., Taylor, P.W., Wilder, S.M., Whitehouse, M.E.A., 2019. Does prey encounter and nutrient content affect prey selection in wolf spiders inhabiting Bt cotton fields? PLoS One 14, e0210296.