集团内捕食和残食同类对广谱捕食和专性捕食的植绥螨的营养益处

翻译：

1. 集团内捕食intraguild predation和残食同类cannibalism在捕食性植螨(蜱螨亚纲，植绥螨科)中很常见，但人们对这些过程所获得的营养益处知之甚少。植绥螨科（Phytoseiidae）是节肢动物门、螯肢动物亚门、蛛形纲、蜱螨亚纲、寄螨目、革螨亚目下的一科

2. 本研究探讨了残食同类和集团内捕食是否提供不同的营养益处，以及利用自相残食和集团内捕食的能力是否与植绥螨的饮食专门化有关。被测试的专性捕食者包括Phytoseiulus macropilis、Galendromus Occidentalis和Neoseiulus longispinosus；被测试的广谱捕食者是Amblyseulus Anddersoni、Neoseiulus Cucumeris和Neoseiulus fallacis。

3. 所有的广谱捕食者和专性捕食者P. macropilis都能用同种和异种猎物完成幼年期的发育。广谱捕食者的幼年发育期在捕食异种猎物下的发育时间比同种猎物的短，而专性捕食的 P. macropilis的发育在不同的猎物类型之间没有差异。只有为数不多的两种专性捕食者N. longispinosus和G. occidentalis通过残食同类而成熟，但没有一只通过集团内捕食而发育成熟。

4. 所有广谱捕食者均能通过集团内捕食维持产卵。Neoseiulus cucumeris 和 A. andersoni 捕食异种猎物者比捕食同种猎物产卵多，而N. fallacis捕食同种或异种猎物产卵率相近。没有专性捕食者能通过集团内捕食或同类相残来维持产卵。

5. 总体而言，广谱捕食者通过集团内捕食获得的营养收益与残食同类相当或更多，并能够利用集团内植螨科猎物作为替代食物来源。专性捕食者们从残食同类中获得的营养益处等同于或超过了从集团内捕食中获得的营养益处。对于专性捕食者来说，同种和异种的植绥螨科动物可能只能被认为是一种补充食物。

原文: 

1. Intraguild predation and cannibalism are common among predaceous phytoseiid mites (Acari, Phytoseiidae) but the nutritional benefits gained by these processes are poorly understood. 

2. The study reported here addressed the questions of whether cannibalism and intraguild predation provide different nutritional benefits and whether the ability to utilise cannibalism and intraguild predation is linked to the diet specialisation of phytoseiid mites. Specialists tested were Phytoseiulus macropilis, Galendromus occidentalis, and Neoseiulus longispinosus; generalists tested were Amblyseius andersoni, Neoseiulus cucumeris, andNeoseiulus fallacis. 

3. All generalists and the specialist P. macropilis were able to complete juvenile development with both con‐ and hetero‐specific prey. Juvenile development of generalists was shorter with heterospecific prey than with conspecific prey, whereas development of the specialist P. macropilis did not differ between prey types. Only a few N. longispinosus and G. occidentalis, both specialists, reached adulthood by cannibalism but none reached adulthood by intraguild predation. 

4. All generalists were able to sustain oviposition by intraguild predation.Neoseiulus cucumeris and A. andersoni laid more eggs with heterospecific prey than with conspecific prey, whereas N. fallacis had similar oviposition rates with both prey types. No specialist sustained oviposition by intraguild predation or cannibalism. 

5. Overall, generalists gained equal or more nutritional benefits by intraguild predation than by cannibalism and were able to utilise phytoseiid intraguild prey as an alternative food source. Specialists gained equal or more nutritional benefits from cannibalism than from intraguild predation. For specialists, con‐ and hetero‐specific phytoseiids may be considered only a supplemental food.

参考文献Schausberger, P., Croft, B.A., 2000. Nutritional benefits of intraguild predation and cannibalism among generalist and specialist phytoseiid mites. Ecological Entomology 25, 473–480.

Intraguild predation (IGP) is a widespread phenomenon among arthropod food webs where more than one species feed on the same prey and therefore competitors feed on each other (Rosenheim et al., 1995).