引言

Prenylation（戊烯酰化）是一种蛋白质后翻译修饰，它涉及将法尼烯或异戊二烯异戊二烯类异戊二烯类似物共价连接到蛋白质C端附近或附近的保守半胱氨酸残基上。这种修饰由戊烯基转移酶催化，戊烯基转移酶是一种将异戊二烯类异戊二烯类残基从供体转移到蛋白质底物上的酶。戊烯酰化促进了大多数这些蛋白质与细胞膜的相互作用，这并不令人意外，考虑到涉及的脂质的疏水性。此外，戊烯酰化似乎在涉及这些物种的几种蛋白质相互作用中起着重要作用[1][1]。

分子机制和功能后果

本综述重点介绍戊烯蛋白质加工的酶学和戊烯酰化在细胞事件中的功能意义。戊烯化蛋白质参与了广泛的细胞过程，包括信号转导、细胞骨架组织和细胞核组织。戊烯酰化还与几种疾病的发病机制有关，包括癌症、心血管疾病和神经退行性疾病[1]。

发展与进展

近年来，在理解蛋白质戊烯酰化的分子机制和功能后果方面取得了重要进展。已经发现戊烯化蛋白质参与了广泛的细胞过程，包括信号转导、细胞骨架组织和细胞核组织。戊烯酰化还与几种疾病的发病机制有关，包括癌症、心血管疾病和神经退行性疾病[2][3]。

应用

蛋白质戊烯酰化最有前途的应用之一是开发新型抗病毒药物。戊烯酰化抑制剂已被证明对包括HIV、乙型和丙型肝炎病毒以及呼吸道合胞病毒在内的多种病毒具有有效作用。这些抑制剂通过阻断病毒蛋白质的戊烯酰化来发挥作用，而这对于病毒复制至关重要[2]。

蛋白质戊烯酰化的另一个应用是开发新型的癌症治疗药物。戊烯酰化抑制剂已被证明对包括乳腺癌、肺癌和胰腺癌在内的多种癌症具有有效作用。这些抑制剂通过阻断致癌蛋白质的戊烯酰化来发挥作用，而这对于肿瘤的生长和存活至关重要[3]。

总结

蛋白质戊烯酰化是一种关键的蛋白质后翻译修饰，它在广泛的细胞过程中发挥着重要作用。对戊烯酰化的分子机制和功能后果的最新进展为开发新型治疗药物和生物技术应用开辟了新的途径。戊烯酰化抑制剂作为抗病毒和抗癌症药物显示出希望，并且在这一领域的进一步研究可能会导致针对多种疾病的新型有效治疗手段的开发[1][2][3]。

Citations:

[1] Zhang, F. L., & Casey, P. J. (1996). Protein prenylation: molecular mechanisms and functional consequences. Annual review of biochemistry, 65(1), 241-269.https://www.scienceopen.com/document?vid=2c7a9717-9294-4adb-94ff-9b7b9b1d1a92

[2] Palsuledesai, C. C., & Distefano, M. D. (2015). Protein prenylation: enzymes, therapeutics, and biotechnology applications. ACS chemical biology, 10(1), 51-62.https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cb500791f

[3] Surana, K. R., Pawar, R. B., Khairnar, R. A., & Mahajan, S. K. Protein Prenylation and Their Applications. Modifications of Biomolecules.https://www.intechopen.com/online-first/82212

## Introduction

Protein prenylation is a post-translational modification that involves the covalent attachment of farnesyl or geranylgeranyl isoprenoids to conserved cysteine residues at or near the C-terminus of proteins. This modification is catalyzed by prenyltransferases, which are enzymes that transfer the isoprenoid moiety from its donor to the protein substrate. Prenylation promotes membrane interactions of most of these proteins, which is not surprising given the hydrophobicity of the lipids involved. In addition, prenylation appears to play a major role in several protein-protein interactions involving these species[1][1].

## Molecular Mechanisms and Functional Consequences

The emphasis in this review is on the enzymology of prenyl protein processing and the functional significance of prenylation in cellular events. Prenylated proteins are involved in a wide range of cellular processes, including signal transduction, cytoskeletal organization, and nuclear organization. Prenylation has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative disorders[1].

## Development and Progress

In recent years, there has been significant progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms and functional consequences of protein prenylation. Prenylated proteins have been found to be involved in a wide range of cellular processes, including signal transduction, cytoskeletal organization, and nuclear organization. Prenylation has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative disorders[2][3].

## Applications

One of the most promising applications of protein prenylation is in the development of novel antiviral agents. Prenylation inhibitors have been shown to be effective against a wide range of viruses, including HIV, hepatitis B and C, and respiratory syncytial virus. These inhibitors work by blocking the prenylation of viral proteins, which is essential for viral replication[2].

Another application of protein prenylation is in the development of novel cancer therapeutics. Prenylation inhibitors have been shown to be effective against several types of cancer, including breast cancer, lung cancer, and pancreatic cancer. These inhibitors work by blocking the prenylation of oncogenic proteins, which is essential for tumor growth and survival[3].

## Summary

Protein prenylation is a critical post-translational modification that plays a key role in a wide range of cellular processes. Recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and functional consequences of prenylation have opened up new avenues for the development of novel therapeutics and biotechnology applications. Prenylation inhibitors have shown promise as antiviral and anticancer agents, and further research in this area is likely to lead to the development of new and effective treatments for a wide range of diseases[1][2][3].

Citations:

[1] Zhang, F. L., & Casey, P. J. (1996). Protein prenylation: molecular mechanisms and functional consequences. Annual review of biochemistry, 65(1), 241-269.https://www.scienceopen.com/document?vid=2c7a9717-9294-4adb-94ff-9b7b9b1d1a92

[2] Palsuledesai, C. C., & Distefano, M. D. (2015). Protein prenylation: enzymes, therapeutics, and biotechnology applications. ACS chemical biology, 10(1), 51-62.https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cb500791f

[3] Surana, K. R., Pawar, R. B., Khairnar, R. A., & Mahajan, S. K. Protein Prenylation and Their Applications. Modifications of Biomolecules.https://www.intechopen.com/online-first/82212

您触手可及的质谱检测服务平台-Aimsmass