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为推动国内科研仪器设备的自主研发,更好地为建设科技强国,实现高水平科技自立自强服务,为提升期刊的影响力和学术话语权,CPB 2022年开辟“Instrumentation and Measurement”新栏目,本文是此新栏目的最新发文,欢迎关注!
Abstract
光调制反射光谱是通过斩波器周期性地改变泵浦光源对样品的照射来测量半导体材料反射率相对变化的一种光谱分析技术。由于所测差分反射率作为能量的函数在材料电子能带结构的联合态密度奇点附近表现出明显的特征,光调制反射光谱已成为研究具有显著电子能带结构的半导体、金属、半金属及其微纳结构和异质结等材料联合态密度临界点的重要实验技术之一。光调制反射光谱中所使用的泵浦激光的光子能量一般要高于被研究材料的带隙,随着第三代宽禁带与超宽禁带半导体材料相关研究和应用的不断深入,需要更高能量的紫外激光作为光调制反射光谱的泵浦光源。目前国际上已报道的光调制反射光谱系统中,配备的泵浦光最大光子能量约5 eV,尚未到达真空紫外波段。因此,迫切需要发展新一代配备高光子能量和高光通量的泵浦光源的光调制反射光谱仪,使其具备探测超宽带隙材料的带隙和一般材料的超高能量临界点的能力。
中科院理化所研制的深紫外固态激光源使我国成为世界上唯一一个能够制造实用化深紫外全固态激光器的国家,已成功与多种尖端科研设备相结合并取得重要成果。本文详细介绍了由中科院半导体所谭平恒研究员课题组利用该深紫外固态激光源搭建的国际上首台真空紫外光调制反射光谱仪(图1)的系统设计和构造,将光谱仪器技术、真空技术、低温技术与中科院理化所研制的177.3 nm深紫外激光源相结合,同时采用双单色仪扫描技术和双调制探测技术,有效避免了光调制反射光谱采集中的荧光信号的干扰,提高了采集灵敏度。该系统将光调制反射技术的能量探测范围从常规的近红外至可见光波段扩展至深紫外波段,光谱分辨率优于0.06 nm,控温范围8 K~300 K,真空度低至10-6 hPa, 光调制反射信号强度可达10-4。通过对典型半导体材料GaAs和GaN在近红外波段至深紫外波段的光调制反射信号的测量对其探测能力进行了性能验证(图2)。此装置将有望成为高效无损地探测宽禁带半导体材料电子能带结构高阶临界点的有效光学表征手段,并广泛用于超宽禁带半导体材料及其异质结的电子能带结构研究。
该系统基于中科院半导体所承担的国家重大科研装备研制项目“深紫外固态激光源前沿装备研制(二期)”子项目“深紫外激光调制反射光谱仪”,目前已经初步应用于多种半导体材料在深紫外能量范围内的能带结构和物性研究,并入选《中国科学院自主研制科学仪器》产品名录,将有望在推动超宽禁带半导体材料的电子能带结构研究、优化超宽禁带光电子器件的性能方面发挥重要作用。
图1. 深紫外激光调制反射光谱仪
图2. 177.3 nm(7.0 eV)激光泵浦下的GaAs在1.2 eV至6 eV内的双调制反射光谱及对应能级跃迁
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