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[转载]亮点文章 | 单重态五重态混合的j=3/2超导体的表面马约拉纳零能带

已有 1243 次阅读 2020-5-18 15:22 |系统分类:论文交流|文章来源:转载

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亮点文章


单重态五重态混合的j=3/2超导体的表面马约拉纳零能带

第一作者 | 于家斌

通讯作者 | 刘朝星


研究亮点

在有效自旋j=3/2的一类非常规超导材料中,电子形成的库帕对可能具有单态和五重态混合的性质。本工作通过对这类超导材料的表面态对于表面序参量和杂质的性质的探讨,从理论上回答了如何在实验中确定这种超导配对方式的问题。


研究背景

在一类被称作half-Heusler化合物的材料中,研究人员发现其中的一些超导态可以由有效自旋j=3/2的电子形成的库帕对(Cooper pairs)来产生。并且通过伦敦穿透深度的测量,实验人员发现这类超导材料的超导能隙中可能存在线节点(line nodes)。之前的理论认为,这些线节点是通过单态和七重态混合导致的,而这种混合需要空间反演的破坏。而作者之前的文章(Phys. Rev. B 98, 104514)则提出了另外一种可能性。对于有效自旋j=3/2的超导材料,即使空间反演没有被破坏,超导态也可能存在单态和五重态的混合,并且这种混合同样可以在一定参数条件下给出线节点。在之前的文章中,作者进一步指出这些线节点是由拓扑保护的,因而在材料表面上会存在表面马约拉纳零能带。由于目前的实验只证明了线节点的存在,而不同的理论都可以给出这个实验现象。所以,如何在实验上区分这些机制便是亟待解决的问题。


研究方法及结果

本工作研究了表面序参量和表面杂质对于由于单态和五重态耦合而导致的拓扑超导体的表面马约拉纳零能带的影响。作者首先分类了所有平移不变的表面序参量,并计算不同表面序参量对应的态密度。随后,作者考察了磁性和非磁性的表面杂质在不同表面序参量存在时对于态密度的影响。最后,作者指出,不同的态密度的峰结构是一个从实验上确定单态和五重态混合的方法。


研究意义或前景

实验上如何确定非常规超导体的配对形式是一个难点,尤其是当不同形式的库帕对可以耦合在一起的时候。本工作对于表面序参量或者表面杂质散射导致的拓扑超导体表面马约拉纳零能带的态密度的峰结构的劈裂形式的理论预言,为以后对于有效自旋j=3/2的超导体的实验研究提供了一个比较简单的确定配对形式的办法。另外,本文中关于拓扑超导体的表面马约拉纳零能带在序参量或杂质下的性质的研究也对基于马约拉纳零模的拓扑量子计算的发展有一定的参考价值。


文章来源

Chin. Phys. B, 2020, 29 (1): 017402


原文概览

Surface Majorana flat bands in j=3/2 superconductors with singlet-quintet mixing


Jiabin Yu(于家斌), Chao-Xing Liu(刘朝星)


Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA


Keywords: surface Majorana flat band, half-Heusler superconductor


Recent experiments[Science Advances 4 eaao4513 (2018)] have revealed the evidence of nodal-line superconductivity in half-Heusler superconductors, e.g., YPtBi. Theories have suggested the topological nature of such nodal-line superconductivity and proposed the existence of surface Majorana flat bands on the (111) surface of half-Heusler superconductors. Due to the divergent density of states of the surface Majorana flat bands, the surface order parameter and the surface impurity play essential roles in determining the surface properties. We study the effect of the surface order parameter and the surface impurity on the surface Majorana flat bands of half-Heusler superconductors based on the Luttinger model. To be specific, we consider the topological nodal-line superconducting phase induced by the singlet-quintet pairing mixing, classify all the possible translationally invariant order parameters for the surface states according to irreducible representations of C3v point group, and demonstrate that any energetically favorable order parameter needs to break the time-reversal symmetry. We further discuss the energy splitting in the energy spectrum of surface Majorana flat bands induced by different order parameters and non-magnetic or magnetic impurities. We propose that the splitting in the energy spectrum can serve as the fingerprint of the pairing symmetry and mean-field order parameters. Our theoretical prediction can be examined in the future scanning tunneling microscopy experiments.


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