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英语摘要写作示范
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最近暑假和国内合作者完成了一篇英文论文的初稿写作，在写作过程中积累了一些体会，我会逐步写成博客分享给大家。今天就讲讲摘要的写作。摘要写作重点在四要素：目的，方法，发现或结果，结论。当然有些期刊有自己的要求。这里的模板仅供参考。
首先尽量使用主动语态叙说。因为研究已经结束，大部分情况下请使用过去式，少数如研究目的既可以使用现在时也可以使用过去式。但语法软件检查结果得分会不一样。因此时态语态一致最好。另外英语叙说要注意逻辑次序。
研究目的叙说不要使用The purpose of this study was （is） 这样的写法， 而是直接说This study invesitigated (examined) ...(有些文章喜欢使用this study aimed to 或aimes to，但从语言质量讲也是多余的，我承认我自己也用过，也不要使用research这个词，要用的话也用research study，以前讲过这两个词的区别，research指系统性研究，但一般论文都是发表某一局部研究结果，因此这里研究要用study ) 。 或把方法结合目的一起叙说，比如This study adopted (used) a (comparative, quasi-experimental,...) method to investigate the (relatiosnhip, effect, impact...) between X and Y。
写完了这句话以后不要立即写结果显示，那样摘要会显得太干巴巴。可以说有多少人参与了实验Z number of partcipants particpanted in the experiment. 或者数据是如何采集的。The research team designed (....), collected, processed, and anayzed data。
然后再写结果显示The results showed that X and Y were positively correlated。但这里用词correlated和前面的目的里的relationship重复，因此最好使用别的动词，比如X generated effect on Y, X impacted Y。
再给出结论，比如尽管某些研究已经有过零星的研究，但系统化地研究这两者之间的关系本研究属于首创。英文写的时候可以这样：Although some exisiting studies have examined X and Y1 or X and Y2，this study was the first to verify the relatiosnhip between X and Y 。因此重要意义在于填补了某方面的空白Therefore， this study filled a reserch gap in....。
按我这个模板写出来的摘要，再使用grammarly （https://www.grammarly.com/）检查语法，并使用AJE（American Journal Experts) 检查你的英文的逻辑表达和语言质量，（https://www.aje.com/arc/Free-Grammar-Check-for-Scientists-and-Academics/?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIo8u8n_zU-QIVgz-tBh3-xABLEAAYAiAAEgIvCvD_BwE） 如果达到85-90%就是很不错了。
下面是示例，比如我要研究X策略和学生学习英语作为第二外语的听说读写技巧掌握之间的关系或影响程度，结果显示X策略有正面影响。例子如下：
Abstract: This study adopted a quasi-experimental method and instruments from the existing studies to examine the relationship between the X-strategy and students' abilities to master foreign language skills. Fifty-five students participated in the experiment. The research team designed a curriculum and syllabus for the English as Second Language class. Through tracking the 10-week class, the research team collected, processed, and analyzed all data required for this study. The results showed that X-strategy was positively correlated with the improvements in students' foreign language skills. Although some existing studies have examined the relationship between X-strategy and listening skills, this study was the first to measure the relationship between X-strategy and all other skills including spoken, writing, and reading. Therefore, the study filled a research gap using X-strategy in second language teaching and learning and added a new teaching tool to University English as Second Language programs.
用这个模板写出来的这段摘要叙说逻辑清楚，没有重复使用动词，语态时态一致，使用AJE检查为8.3分高于提交给AJE的93%的文章。我特地试了下我的模板，今天8月21号把它改写了成了英语学习，结果和昨天写的音乐技巧得分8.7（95%）很接近。另外如果把study和research team置换为we，得分高达9.7，比提交给AJE99%的文章质量高，但是We有时候指代不明，特别是读者读起来比较疑惑，所以我还是坚持使用this study和research team。
AJE说使用它们的专家服务（要付费的，最便宜一次大概是70美元，忘了也许90吧）也就是达到8.7分。This paper scored a 8.3/10 which is in the 93rd percentile of papers submitted to AJE.After editing by AJE, papers improve on average to a score of 8.7 and move into the 95th percentile of research papers submitted to journals.Congratulations! Your document is well written and does not need language editing.
当然了，得高分还取决于写作者对英文词汇的运用和逻辑叙说的能力。
希望对有志于发表英文期刊写作的人有所帮助。
8/21/2022第二次补充，根据罗娜老师的建议，去掉了一些不必要的词句（但实际上是我写论文时必须的，因为我用的工具是采用别人的）。但在这里没有上下文。所以修改如下：
We adopted a quasi-experimental method to examine the relationship between the X-strategy and students' abilities to master foreign language skills. Fifty-five students participated in the experiment. We designed a curriculum and syllabus for the English as Second Language class. The results showed that X-strategy was positively correlated with the improvements in students' foreign language skills. Although some existing studies have examined the relationship between X-strategy and listening skills, we were the first to measure the relationship between X-strategy and all other skills including spoken, writing, and reading. Therefore, we filled a research gap using X-strategy in second language teaching and learning and added a new teaching tool to University English as Second Language programs.
结果AJE检测为9.8分。
Language quality evaluation
This paper scored a 9.8/10 which is in the 99th percentile of papers submitted to AJE.
After editing by AJE, papers improve on average to a score of 8.7 and move into the 95th percentile of research papers submitted to journals.
Congratulations! Your document is well written and does not need language editing.
AJE是一个好的工具，但是发表文章全看那个期刊。
我随机Google查找了最新的两篇SCI期刊论文，一篇题目为Trifluoromethylated Quinolone-Hydantoin Hybrids: Synthesis and Antibacterial Evaluation
Abstract
A series of new trifluoromethyl-substituted quinolones and hydantoin hybrids has been synthesized and evaluated against Gram-positive bacterium (Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 96) and Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 441, Klebsiella pneumonia MTCC 109, and Escherichia coli MTCC 442). Compound 19c, having the 6-propene group on the quinolone ring, showed similar activity to a standard drug (chloramphenicol) by exhibiting MIC values of 50 μg/mL against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Physicochemical properties of compound 19c were also determined, which were in line with Lipinski’s rule of five, suggesting the suitability of compound 19c in biological systems. Various types of binding interactions of 19c within the active site of DNA gyrase of S. aureus were also streamlined by molecular docking studies, suggesting its capability to block the catalytic process of the DNA gyrase, which could be the possible reason for its antibacterial potential. View Full-Text
Keywords: quinolones; hydantoin; hybrids; synthesis; antibacterial activity; molecular docking
摘要检测分数只有4.4分。语言质量位于提交给AJE的50%的水平。所以不要迷信SCI，个别SCI文章未必语言质量高。
Language quality evaluation
This paper scored a 4.4/10 which is in the 50th percentile of papers submitted to AJE.
After editing by AJE, papers improve on average to a score of 8.7 and move into the 95th percentile of research papers submitted to journals.
Based on the English writing assessment above, we recommend language editing for your document.
再对这篇文章Towards a Democratization of Data in the Context of Industry 4.0的摘要进行检测，分数为8.2，语言质量比提交给AJE的92%的文章高。
Abstract
Data-driven transparency in end-to-end operations in real-time is seen as a key benefit of the fourth industrial revolution. In the context of a factory, it enables fast and precise diagnoses and corrections of deviations and, thus, contributes to the idea of an agile enterprise. Since a factory is a complex socio-technical system, multiple technical, organizational and cultural capabilities need to be established and aligned. In recent studies, the underlying broad accessibility of data and corresponding analytics tools are called “data democratization”. In this study, we examine the status quo of the relevant capabilities for data democratization in the manufacturing industry. (1) and outline the way forward. (2) The insights are based on 259 studies on the digital maturity of factories from multiple industries and regions of the world using the acatech Industrie 4.0 Maturity Index as a framework. For this work, a subset of the data was selected. (3) As a result, the examined factories show a lack of capabilities across all dimensions of the framework (IT systems, resources, organizational structure, culture). (4) Thus, we conclude that the outlined implementation approach needs to comprise the technical backbone for a data pipeline as well as capability building and an organizational transformation. View Full-Text
Keywords: data democratization; Industrie 4.0; fourth industrial revolution
Language quality evaluation
This paper scored a 8.2/10 which is in the 92nd percentile of papers submitted to AJE.
After editing by AJE, papers improve on average to a score of 8.7 and move into the 95th percentile of research papers submitted to journals.
Congratulations! Your document is well written and does not need language editing.
出于好奇，再对罗老师提到的她导师的这篇文章摘要进行检测得分仅为0.3，位于0%，这里并没有羞辱的意思，也许AJE（美国期刊专家的缩写）是美国英语的缘故吧。该文确实是高被引，引用次数为1096。该文全文检测也只有1.6分，位于11%。但作为母语非英语的作者，我还是比较信任AJE，因为是Springernature推荐给作者的。见https://authorservices.springernature.com/about-us/。
Humble servants of the discipline? Self-mention in research articles
In this paper, I examine the view that research writing is a modest, self-effacing task which involves authors eradicating themselves from their texts to gain acceptance for their work. Conflicting advice in textbooks and style guides, and the apparently diverse conventions of different disciplines, mean that the extent to which writers can explicitly intrude into their discourse is highly problematic for students, teachers, and experienced writers alike. However, the choices which express writer presence are also closely associated with authorial identity and authority and these not only affect the ideational meaning that writers convey, but also influence the impression they make on their readers. Self-mention is therefore a powerful rhetorical strategy for emphasising a writer’s contribution. Here I focus on the use of self-citation and exclusive first person pronouns in a corpus of 240 research articles in eight disciplines. Through an analysis of these texts and interviews with expert informants I seek to reveal something of how self-mention is used and perceived as a way of understanding more about writing in the disciplines and about the kinds of options available to students.
Language quality evaluation
This paper scored a 0.3/10 which is in the 0th percentile of papers submitted to AJE.
After editing by AJE, papers improve on average to a score of 8.7 and move into the 95th percentile of research papers submitted to journals.
Based on the English writing assessment above, we strongly recommend language editing for your document.
Language quality evaluation
This paper scored a 1.6/10 which is in the 11th percentile of papers submitted to AJE.
After editing by AJE, papers improve on average to a score of 8.7 and move into the 95th percentile of research papers submitted to journals.
Based on the English writing assessment above, we strongly recommend language editing for your document.
论文写作
https://wap.sciencenet.cn/blog-3316383-1351933.html
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