Moderation model design and theorizing issues Common Error 1: Using Moderation Analysis Driven by Problematic Motives A prevalent issue is the use of moderation analysis without adequate theoretical justification (Dawson, 2014; Memon et al., 2019; Becker et al., 2023). A crucial first step is determining if a moderation model is theoretically warranted (Memon et al., 2019). Our review found 29.2% of articles were driven by questionable motives, such as using a “trial and error” approach to ... ...