管理服务开机启动（windows 里面使用 msconfig）

在Linux里面

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qf `which ntsysv`

ntsysv-1.3.49.3-2.el6_4.1.i686

[root@localhost ~]# yum list|grep ntsysv

ntsysv.i686        1.3.49.3-2.el6_4.1           @anaconda-CentOS-201311271240.i386/6.5

ntsysv.i686        1.3.49.3-5.el6               base

这里表示ntsysv已经安装了。

[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig –list（和命令ntsysv的结果一样）

NetworkManager  0:off  1:off   2:on    3:on   4:on    5:on    6:off

abrt-ccpp       0:off  1:off   2:off   3:on   4:off   5:on    6:off

abrtd           0:off   1:off  2:off   3:on    4:off  5:on    6:off

acpid           0:off   1:off  2:on    3:on    4:on   5:on    6:off

atd             0:off   1:off  2:off   3:on    4:on   5:on    6:off

auditd          0:off   1:off  2:on    3:on    4:on   5:on    6:off

blk-availability        0:off  1:on    2:on    3:on   4:on    5:on    6:off

bluetooth       0:off  1:off   2:off   3:on   4:on    5:on    6:off

cpuspeed        0:off  1:on    2:on   3:on    4:on    5:on   6:off

crond           0:off   1:off  2:on    3:on    4:on   5:on    6:off

cups            0:off   1:off  2:on    3:on    4:on   5:on    6:off

dnsmasq         0:off  1:off   2:off   3:off  4:off   5:off   6:off

firstboot       0:off  1:off   2:off   3:on   4:off   5:on    6:off

haldaemon       0:off  1:off   2:off   3:on   4:on    5:on    6:off

htcacheclean    0:off  1:off   2:off   3:off  4:off   5:off   6:off

httpd           0:off   1:off  2:off   3:off   4:off  5:off   6:off

ip6tables       0:off  1:off   2:on    3:on   4:on    5:on    6:off

iptables        0:off  1:off   2:on    3:on   4:on    5:on    6:off

irqbalance      0:off  1:off   2:off   3:on   4:on    5:on    6:off

kdump           0:off   1:off  2:off   3:on    4:on   5:on    6:off

lvm2-monitor    0:off  1:on    2:on    3:on   4:on    5:on    6:off

mdmonitor       0:off  1:off   2:on    3:on   4:on    5:on    6:off

messagebus      0:off  1:off   2:on    3:on   4:on    5:on    6:off

netconsole      0:off  1:off   2:off   3:off  4:off   5:off   6:off

netfs           0:off   1:off  2:off   3:on    4:on   5:on    6:off

network         0:off  1:off   2:on    3:on   4:on    5:on    6:off

nfs             0:off   1:off  2:off   3:off   4:off  5:off   6:off

nfslock         0:off  1:off   2:off   3:on   4:on    5:on    6:off

nmb             0:off   1:off  2:off   3:off   4:off  5:off   6:off

ntpd            0:off   1:off  2:off   3:off   4:off  5:off   6:off

ntpdate         0:off  1:off   2:off   3:off  4:off   5:off   6:off

portreserve     0:off  1:off   2:on    3:on   4:on    5:on    6:off

postfix         0:off  1:off   2:on    3:on   4:on    5:on    6:off

psacct          0:off   1:off  2:off   3:off   4:off  5:off   6:off

quota_nld       0:off  1:off   2:off   3:off  4:off   5:off   6:off

rdisc           0:off   1:off  2:off   3:off   4:off  5:off   6:off

restorecond     0:off  1:off   2:off   3:off  4:off   5:off   6:off

rngd            0:off   1:off  2:off   3:off   4:off  5:off   6:off

rpcbind         0:off  1:off   2:on    3:on   4:on    5:on    6:off

rpcgssd         0:off  1:off   2:off   3:on   4:on    5:on    6:off

rpcsvcgssd      0:off  1:off   2:off   3:off  4:off   5:off  6:off

rsyslog         0:off  1:off   2:on    3:on   4:on    5:on    6:off

saslauthd       0:off  1:off   2:off   3:off  4:off   5:off   6:off

smartd          0:off   1:off  2:off   3:off   4:off  5:off   6:off

smb             0:off   1:off  2:off   3:off   4:off  5:off   6:off

snmpd           0:off   1:off  2:off   3:off   4:off  5:off   6:off

snmptrapd       0:off  1:off   2:off   3:off  4:off   5:off   6:off

spice-vdagentd  0:off  1:off   2:off   3:off  4:off   5:on    6:off

sshd            0:off   1:off  2:on    3:on    4:on   5:on    6:off

sysstat         0:off  1:on    2:on    3:on   4:on    5:on    6:off

udev-post       0:off  1:on    2:on    3:on   4:on    5:on    6:off

vmware-tools    0:off  1:off   2:on    3:on   4:on    5:on    6:off

vmware-tools-thinprint  0:off  1:off   2:on    3:on   4:on    5:on    6:off

wdaemon         0:off  1:off   2:off   3:off  4:off   5:off   6:off

winbind         0:off  1:off   2:off   3:off  4:off   5:off   6:off

wpa_supplicant  0:off  1:off   2:off   3:off  4:off   5:off   6:off

xinetd          0:off   1:off  2:off   3:on    4:on   5:on    6:off

xinetdbased services:

       chargen-dgram:  off

       chargen-stream: off

       daytime-dgram:  off

      daytime-stream: off

       discard-dgram:  off

       discard-stream: off

       echo-dgram:     off

       echo-stream:    off

       rsync:          off

       swat:           off

       tcpmux-server:  off

       time-dgram:     off

       time-stream:    off

修改服务的level

[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --level 3 sendmail on

删除一个服务

[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --del sendmail

启动文件所在的位置

[root@localhost ~]# ls /etc/init.d

abrt-ccpp         httpd           nmb          single

abrtd             ip6tables       ntpd         smartd

abrt-oops         iptables        ntpdate      smb

acpid             irqbalance      portreserve  snmpd

atd               kdump           postfix      snmptrapd

auditd            killall         psacct       spice-vdagentd

blk-availability  lvm2-lvmetad    quota_nld   sshd

bluetooth         lvm2-monitor    rdisc       sysstat

cpuspeed          mdmonitor       restorecond  udev-post

crond             messagebus      rngd         vmware-tools

cups              mysqld          rpcbind      vmware-tools-thinprint

dnsmasq           netconsole      rpcgssd      wdaemon

firstboot         netfs           rpcidmapd    winbind

functions         network         rpcsvcgssd   wpa_supplicant

haldaemon         NetworkManager  rsyslog     xinetd

halt              nfs             sandbox

htcacheclean      nfslock         saslauthd

查看系统服务日志，用来排错和追踪问题

[root@localhost ~]# ls /var/log/messages

/var/log/messages

[root@localhost ~]# ls /var/log/messages（连续两次tab键）

messages           messages-20150830  messages-20150906  messages-20150914

系统会根据日志文件的大小进行分割，新的文件是messages，其他的都是已经分割过的，这个分割怎么控制？有个系统文件/etc/logrotate.conf

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/logrotate.conf

#see "man logrotate" for details

#rotate log files weekly

weekly

#keep 4 weeks worth of backlogs

rotate4

#create new (empty) log files after rotating old ones

create

#use date as a suffix of the rotated file

dateext

#uncomment this if you want your log files compressed

#compress

#RPM packages drop log rotation information into this directory

include/etc/logrotate.d

#no packages own wtmp and btmp -- we'll rotate them here

/var/log/wtmp{

   monthly

   create 0664 root utmp

       minsize 1M

   rotate 1

}

/var/log/btmp{

   missingok

   monthly

   create 0600 root utmp

   rotate 1

}

#system-specific logs may be also be configured here.

[root@localhost ~]# ps aux|grep syslog  

root      1551 0.0  0.1  35972 1496 ?        Sl   00:36  0:00 /sbin/rsyslogd -i/var/run/syslogd.pid -c 5

gdm       2235 26.7  0.3 102068 3812 ?        Ssl  00:36  0:20 /usr/bin/pulseaudio --start --log-target=syslog

root      2301 0.0  0.0   4360  728 pts/0    S+   00:37  0:00 grep syslog

有两个syslog，一个有r，表示远程。

[root@localhost ~]# grep -v '^$' /etc/rsyslog.conf |grep -v '^#' （去掉空格行）

$ModLoadimuxsock # provides support for local system logging (e.g. via logger command)

$ModLoadimklog   # provides kernel loggingsupport (previously done by rklogd)

$ActionFileDefaultTemplateRSYSLOG_TraditionalFileFormat

$IncludeConfig/etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf

*.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none                /var/log/messages

authpriv.*                                             /var/log/secure

mail.*                                                 -/var/log/maillog

cron.*                                                  /var/log/cron

*.emerg                                                *

uucp,news.crit                                         /var/log/spooler

local7.*                                               /var/log/boot.log

$templateSpiceTmpl,"%TIMESTAMP%.%TIMESTAMP:::date-subseconds% %syslogtag%%syslogseverity-text%:%msg:::sp-if-no-1st-sp%%msg:::drop-last-lf%n"

:programname,startswith, "spice-vdagent"      /var/log/spice-vdagent.log;SpiceTmpl

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/logrotate.d/syslog

/var/log/cron

/var/log/maillog

/var/log/messages

/var/log/secure

/var/log/spooler

{

   sharedscripts

   postrotate

       /bin/kill -HUP `cat/var/run/syslogd.pid 2> /dev/null` 2> /dev/null || true

   endscript

}

[root@localhostetc]# lastb （失败的登陆），对应的日志是：ls /etc/log/btmp

btmpbegins Wed Sep  2 19:46:01 2015

[root@localhost etc]# find /root/ -type f |xargs -n1 -i{} du -sh {}

[root@localhost etc]# find /root/ -type f -exec du -sh {} ;

命令 screen是个虚拟屏幕，关闭终端仍在运行

[root@localhost ~]# curl -I www.baidu.com

HTTP/1.1200 OK（200表示正常，404表示无法访问，302表示跳转）

Date:Tue, 15 Sep 2015 08:22:05 GMT

Content-Type:text/html; charset=utf-8

Connection:Keep-Alive

Vary:Accept-Encoding

Set-Cookie:BAIDUID=EBA8BF55C8A5F6A25C2A691271E801B3:FG=1; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com

Set-Cookie:BIDUPSID=EBA8BF55C8A5F6A25C2A691271E801B3; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT;max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com

Set-Cookie:PSTM=1442305325; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647;path=/; domain=.baidu.com

Set-Cookie:BDSVRTM=0; path=/

Set-Cookie:BD_HOME=0; path=/

Set-Cookie:H_PS_PSSID=16611_1460_17231_17156_12824_12867_16937_17262_17181_17000_17004_17072_15033_11767_13932_17051;path=/; domain=.baidu.com

P3P:CP=" OTI DSP COR IVA OUR IND COM "

Cache-Control:private

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