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发生地震等灾害时,一些被坍塌建筑物困住的患者会发生各种伤害,其中挤压伤相对比较多,挤压伤主要是肌肉等组织缺血。当受害者被搭救后,挤压伤组织会大量释放有害物质,这些有害物质对患者生命会造成威胁。因此治疗挤压伤是大规模灾害事故非常重要的医学问题。这里的核心医学问题是肌肉等组织的缺血再灌注损伤,最近有中国学者证明可用氢气作为治疗这种损伤的一种可能方法。如果氢气对这种损伤具有作用,那么开发一种可野外使用的给氢气技术,将可大大提高这类患者的生存希望。
骨骼肌是代谢非常活跃的组织,对缺血再灌注损伤非常敏感。创伤、血栓形成、动脉血流中断、肢体再植、动脉移植、挤压伤和减压病等许多临床相关全身和局部疾病都会涉及到肌肉缺血再灌注损伤问题。如果肌肉损伤范围大,救治不及时,容易导致全身系统损伤,威胁患者生命。因此,针对肌肉缺血再灌注损伤的有效治疗措施将对救治一些灾难性大规模创伤特别有价值。虽然过去进行过许多尝试,但至今仍然没有任何药物进入临床。
缺血导致组织能量缺乏,局部有毒物质集聚导致细胞损伤,再灌注能加重组织损伤,另外缺血再灌注过程中炎症细胞浸润以及炎症反应会进一步提高活性氧,总之在组织缺血再灌注过程中,活性氧增加导致的氧化损伤具有核心地位,对抗活性氧是治疗缺血再灌注最有希望的治疗手段。细胞凋亡和细胞自噬是许多组织器官缺血再灌注过程中的重要表现,活性氧也是这些过程的重要介质。
最近研究发现,氢气是一种理想的选择性抗氧化物质,对多种组织器官缺血再灌注损伤具有很好的治疗效果,不过氢气在肌肉缺血再灌注损伤是否具有作用一直没有报道。来自长沙中南大学第二附属湘雅医院骨科的王万春小组,证明采用注射氢气生理盐水能对抗动物骨骼肌缺血再灌注损伤,这种治疗效果的基础是氢气对抗氧化损伤细胞凋亡和自噬。这一研究论文最近被外科研究杂志接受。
PURPOSE: To investigate the potential beneficial effectof hydrogen in ischemia reperfusion injury (IR) of skeletal muscle.
METHODS: Three experimental groups were established inmale SD rats: (1) Sham group, (2) IR with normal saline, (3) IR withhydrogen-rich saline. A rat model of skeletal muscle IR injury was induced bythree hours tourniquet occlusion on its left hind limb and four hours reperfusion.Normal saline and hydrogen-rich saline (1.0ml/100g) were administered intraperitoneallyat five minutes before reperfusion, respectively. Muscle and serum samples wereanalyzed for dectecting the levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxidedismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydroxylradical(•OH). Moreover, muscle sampleswere assessed by wet/dry rate, HE histological assessment, Bcl2, Bax, CytochromeC, LC3B, tunel and electron microscopy.
RESULTS: After IR injury, the wet/dry ratio, MPO, MDA, •OH, Bax, Cytochrome C and LC3B were all significantlyincreased, while SOD and Bcl2 activities were all markedly decreased. Hydrogen-richsaline reversed these changes and attenuated morphological skeletal injury,apoptosisand autophagy.
CONCLUSION: Hydrogen-rich saline seems to be effective inattenuating ischemia
reperfusion injury in skeletal muscle via itsantioxidant, anti-apoptosis and anti-autophagy effect.
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