1. In ArcMap or ArcCatalog, click on Tools > Options.
(In ArcGIS 10, click on Customize > ArcMap Options.)

2. Click on the Raster tab.

3. Select the sub-tab named Raster Attribute Table.
(In ArcGIS 10, it is on the Raster Dataset sub-tab.)

4. Increase the maximum number. 

于是google之，找到一个patch，打上即可完美解决，链接如下：

http://resources.arcgis.com/zh-cn/content/patches-and-service-packs?fa=viewPatch&PID=17&MetaID=1443