132

Philosophy of Mind

132

心智哲学

0

Searle（TuTh 9:30-11 105 Northgate）

0

塞尔 （周二9:30-11北门105——加州大学伯克利分校的一个阶梯教室）

1

The single most important question in philosophy, and in intellectual life generally, at the present time is this:

1

一般地说在哲学和充满智慧的生活中当前一个最重要的问题是：

2

How, if at all, can we reconcile a certain conception that we have of ourselves as conscious, free, rational, ethical, language using, social and political human beings in a world consisting entirely of mindless, meaningless physical particles?

2

在一个完全盲目的、完全无意义的物理粒子组成的世界里，如果有的话，我们怎能调和某种关于我们自己的观念，如：我们自身是有自我意识、自由意志、理性、伦理、使用语言、社会的和政治的人类？

3

This course is directed to the most essential part of that question, the nature of the human mind.

3

本课程是关于这个问题最重要的部分，人类心智的本质。

4

What is consciousness and how can it be caused by brain processes?

4

意识是什么，它怎能被大脑活动过程所引起？

5

How does it function causally in our behavior?

5

在我们的行为中它怎样发挥因果作用？

6

How do we represent reality to ourselves in our mental processes?

6

在我们的心智过程中我们怎样对我们自己呈现实体或表达现实？

7

What is the nature of perception, memory, knowledge and action?

7

知觉、记忆性、知识和行动的本质是什么？

8

Do we have free will?

8

我们有自由意志吗？

9

Does the existence of unconscious mental processes threaten our free will?

9

存在无意识的心理过程威胁着我们的自由意志吗？

10

Can cognitive science extend our understanding of ourselves as human beings?

10

认知科学能扩大我们对自己作为人类的理解吗？

11

Are our brains really just digital computers?

11

难道我们的大脑真只是数字计算机吗？

12

How exactly do our mental processes underlie society and our construction of social institutions, such as money, property, marriage and governments?

12

我们的心理过程究竟如何成为社会和我们的社会制度结构，如：金钱、财产、婚姻和政府的基础？

13

This course will be concerned with these and other such fundamental questions in the foundations of philosophy, cognitive science and psychology.

13

本课程将关注在哲学、认知科学和心理学基础里的这些和那些诸如此类的基本问题。

133

Philosophy of Language

133

语言哲学

0

Searle （TuTh 9:30-11 4 LeConte）

0

塞尔  （周二9:30-11  LeConte 4）

1

The main purpose of this course is to answer the question, “How does language relate to the world?”

1

本课程的主要目的是回答这个问题，即“语言与世界是如何联系在一起的？”

2

In order to do this we will have to explore a lot of related questions, such as those concerning the nature of truth, reference, meaning, speech acts, metaphors, fiction, and pictures.

2

为了做到这一点，我们必须探索很多相关的问题，例如：有关真的本质、指称、意义、言语行为、隐喻、小说和图画等问题。

3

We will also try to develop a general theoretical account of how human linguistic behavior is related to the rest of human behavior and to human mental states.

3

我们还将试图发展一个普通的理论来解释人类语言行为如何与人类其他行为以及人类心智状态相联系。

4

There are two parts to the course.

4

本课程有两个部分。

5

In the first part, I will explain how I think language ought to be studied philosophically.

5

在第一部分，我将解释应该怎样以哲学方式来研究语言。

6

The philosophy of language is a branch of the philosophy of mind.

6

语言的哲学是心灵哲学的一个分支。

7

In the second part of the course, I will teach mainstream philosophy of language, and attempt both to explain and criticize it.

7

在课程的第二部分，我会教语言哲学主流，并试图既解释又批评。

138

Philosophy of Society  

138

哲学社会        

0

Searle（TuTh 2-3:30 155 Kroeber）

0

塞尔 （周二2-3:30  Kroeber 155）

1

How does human society differ from that of other social animals?

1

人类社会与其他社会动物是如何区别开来的？

2

How is it possible that there can be an objective reality of such things as money, property, government, marriage, and universities, even though such things exist only because we believe they exist?

2

如金钱、财产、政府、婚姻、大学这样的客观实体，哪怕它们的存在仅仅是因为我们相信它们存在，这怎么可能呢？

3

What is the role of language in constituting human reality, and what is language anyhow?

3

在构成人的现实中语言作用是什么，语言是什么？

4

These and other related questions will be discussed in this course.

4

这些以及其他相关的问题将在这个课程来讨论。

5

The course deals with the foundations of the social sciences and the differences between social science explanations and natural science explanations.

5

该课程涉及社会科学的基础与社会科学解释和自然科学说明之间的差异。

6

We will cover a large number of topics such as these: Why is the nation state such a powerful form of social organization?

6

我们将讨论许多话题，例如：为什么民族国家是如此强大的一个社会组织？

7

Why did socialism fail?

7

社会主义为什么会失败？

8

Are there human rights, and if so what are they and where do they come from?

8

有没有人权，如果是这样，它们是什么，它们从哪儿来？