美国枪击案报道中的安全教育和应急处理借鉴意义
美国东部小学枪击案后，美国网络、报纸、电视等视频媒体不断广播着事件的进展、官方新闻发布、各方观点、各种采访等等，使人们很直观了解事情的过程和细节。比如纽约时报对事件的很多细节进行了报道。其中在出现枪击后，小学的老师和学生以及周边人们如何应对，对于中国的学校开展安全教育和应急处理是很有借鉴意义的。
1、学校老师是不是应该培训一些相关应对措施？学校应该制定相关预案。报道中看到枪击中，老师都带领学生采取了一定的躲避措施。；
2、学生是不是应该进行必要的安全教育？前段时间，在地震演练中出现事故，很可能会导致很多学校为了避免事故而放弃相关演练，这是很悲哀的选择。有了平时的安全教育，也许在行动指挥上有决定性的帮助。
3、政府、警察如何有效快速对学校这种特殊场所实施帮助？相信，美国在无法禁枪的情况下，只能增加学校的安全保障支出，当然最终还是要提高上学的成本。
4、学校周边基础设施，如医院、消防等，是不是有充分的疏散、救助准备？
5、邻近的人们是不是时刻关注学校这种特殊场所，随时提供力所能及的帮助？
6、事后对当事人的心理帮助等？
相比美国的报道，河南学校的事件是不是也应该反思，而不只是寄希望社会上不要出现精神不正常的危害者。
27 Killed in Connecticut Shooting, Including 20 Children（The New York Times）
A gunman killed 26 people, 20 of them children between ages 5 and 10, in a shooting on Friday morning at an elementary school in Newtown, Conn., about 65 miles northeast of New York City, the authorities said.
The gunman, who was believed to be in his 20s, walked into a classroom at Sandy Hook Elementary School, where his mother was a teacher. He shot and killed her and then fatally shot 20 students, most in the same classroom. He also fatally shot five other adults, and then killed himself inside the school. One person was also injured in the shooting.
Another body related to the case was at another scene, the authorities said, declining to be more specific.
A law enforcement official identified the assailant as Adam Lanza and said that a brother, Ryan Lanza, had been questioned.
The mass shooting is among the deadliest in the nation’s history.
“The majority of those who died today were children, beautiful little kids between the ages of 5 and 10 years old,” a visibly distraught President Obama said in remarks televised nationally.
After pausing to compose himself for perhaps five long seconds, Mr. Obama said, “They had their entire lives ahead of them: birthdays, graduations, weddings, kids of their own.”
Then the president wiped the corner of his eye.
Some witnesses described a harrowing scene inside the school with the sounds of gunfire followed by the sounds of screams as terrified students and staff members hid in classrooms, closets and wherever they could quickly take shelter.
One 9-year-old said he was in the gymnasium when the shooting erupted.
“We were in the gym, and I heard really loud bangs,” said the boy, as he stood shivering and weeping outside the school with his father’s arms draped around him. “We thought that someone was knocking something over. And we heard yelling, and we heard gunshots. We heard lots of gunshots. We heard someone say, ‘Put your hands up.’ I heard, ‘Don’t shoot.’
“We had to go into the closet in the gym. Then someone came and told us to run down the hallway. There were police at every door. There were lots of people crying and screaming.”
Yvonne Cech, a school librarian, said that she, two library clerks, a library catalog assistant and 18 fourth graders had spent 45 minutes locked in a closet during the shootings. “The SWAT team escorted us out,” she said, and then all 18 children were reunited with their parents.
Another student at the school told an NBC station in Connecticut: “I was in the gym and I heard like seven loud booms, and the gym teachers told us to go in the corner and we huddled. We all heard these booming noises, and we started crying. So the gym teachers told us to go into the office where no one could find us. Then a police officer told us to run outside.”
The State Police said the Newtown police called them shortly after 9:30 a.m., said Lt. J. Paul Vance of the State Police. “On- and off-duty troopers responded to the school and with Newtown police immediately upon arrival entered the school and began an active shooter search,” Lieutenant Vance said.
Eighteen of the students were pronounced dead at the school, and two others were taken to hospitals where they were declared dead. All the adults who were fatally shot at the school were pronounced dead at the scene.
Law enforcement officials said the weapons used by the gunman were a Sig Sauer and a Glock, both handguns. The police also found an M4 carbine at the scene that they believe belonged to the gunman.
Meredith Artley, the managing editor of CNN.com, said someone who works at the school told her the shooting happened in the hallway. “She described it as a ‘Pop, pop, pop,'” Ms. Artley said. “She said three people went out into the hall and only one person came back, the vice principal, she said, who was shot in the leg or the foot, who came crawling back. She cowered under the table and called 911. There must have been a hundred rounds.”
As news of the shooting spread, frantic family members descended on the scene and were taken to a nearby firehouse, where teachers and students who had been evacuated from the school had been taken by the authorities. Some clergy members were also at the firehouse.
“The teachers wrote down the names of all the children,'’ said Msgr. Robert Weiss, the pastor at St. Rose of Lima in Newtown. “The ones who were unaccounted for, those parents went to another room and wrote their names on a list.”
“It was around, obviously,” he added, “the number that passed away.”
Another clergy member at the firehouse, Rabbi Sholom Deitsch of Chabbad Jewish Center in Ridgefield, Conn., said: “I see a lot of fear and disbelief in people’s eyes. It’s a very difficult scene, one I’ve never seen in my life.”
Gov. Dannel P. Malloy of Connecticut, who was at the scene of the shooting comforting relatives of victims, called the killings a “tragedy of unspeakable terms.”
Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg of New York, who has been a vocal advocate for gun control in the United States, issued an exasperated statement criticizing national leaders for failing to do more to stop gun violence.
“We have heard all the rhetoric before,” he said. “What we have not seen is leadership – not from the White House and not from Congress.”
Mr. Bloomberg waited to issue his statement until after Mr. Obama spoke, hoping that he would hear something more specific on gun control. But he did not.
“President Obama rightly sent his heartfelt condolences to the families in Newtown,” Mr. Bloomberg said. “But the country needs him to send a bill to Congress to fix this problem. Calling for ‘meaningful action’ is not enough. We need immediate action.”
The school, located among wooded hills and suburban tracts in Fairfield County, 12 miles east of Danbury, serves kindergarten through fourth grade. The school has about 700 students.
“It’s just a little country school,” Robert Place, 65, said as he stood nearby. “The look is very ′50s or ′60s. One floor. It’s always had a good reputation. People come to Newtown for the schools.”
Lillian Bittman, a former chairwoman of the Newtown Board of Education, has three children who attended Sandy Hook.
“It’s a place that feels like my house, a place that feels like my home,'’ she said. “It’s as if he walked into my house and did this. I’m not alone in feeling this. Everyone I talked to feels that way. When people left Sandy Hook, when they aged out, they were sad. They were sad their kids wouldn’t be part of that community.”
The school’s principal, Dawn Hochsprung, was reportedly one of those shot. But at the home of her daughter Cristina Hassinger, in Oakville, Conn., the family was still awaiting any news of her fate.
“We’re looking for any hope,” said Ryan Hassinger, the son-in-law of the principal.
“I looked on Twitter and it says that she is passed,” Mr. Hassinger said. But, he added, the family was “just waiting.”
Mr. Obama was briefed on the shooting at 10:30 a.m., the White House said.
“We’ve endured too many of these tragedies in these past few years, and each time I learn the news I react not as a president but as anyone else would as a parent, and that was especially true today,” Mr. Obama said on Friday afternoon. “I know there’s not a parent in America who doesn’t feel the same overwhelming grief that I do.”
Maureen Kerins, a hospital nurse who lives close to the school, learned of the shooting from the television and hurried to the school to see if she could help. “I stood outside waiting to go in, but a police officer came out and said they didn't need any nurses, so I knew it wasn’t good,” Ms. Kerins said.
In front of a senior center next door to the school, a 20-year-old woman was with her 4-year-old sister, who was in the school at the time of the shooting. The woman went to pick up her young sister along with their mother. The girl had her arms and legs wrapped around her.
When a reporter asked the woman what the little girl knew of what had happened, the woman said, “Absolutely nothing, and we don’t plan to tell her anything.”
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