本研究中，我们从华南地区某小学暴发的一起腺病毒呼吸道感染疫情中分离鉴定了一种7d基因型腺病毒(DG01_2011株)。利用基因组测序、系统进化发育树和限制酶分析方法，与过往流行的腺病毒进行比较后，我们发现，这种7d型腺病毒在华南地区是时隔21年后再次出现。重组分析揭示该病毒不同于7型原型株和美国的疫苗株，基因组已发生了横向基因转移，L1区的52/55kDa DNA包装蛋白来自于另一稀少型别的腺病毒（HAdV-16型）。DG01_2011株可能来自与我国西南的流行株(2010)和陕西引起死亡和暴发的一株腺病毒（2009)。由于我国30年前7型腺病毒曾引起较高的发病率和死亡率，因此非常有必要对今后临床流行的腺病毒通过基因组测序进行监测、鉴定和特性研究。根据不同型别腺病毒的流行病学数据，再结合腺病毒基因组自身的稳定性，开发实用的腺病毒疫苗非常必要。
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are highly contagious pathogens causing acute respiratory disease (ARD), among other illnesses. Of the ARD genotypes, HAdV-7 presents with more severe morbidity and higher mortality than the others. We report the isolation and identification of a genome type HAdV-7d (DG01_2011) from a recent outbreak in Southern China. Genome sequencing, phylogenetic analysis, and restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) comparisons with past pathogens indicate HAdV-7d has re-emerged in Southern China after an absence of twenty-one years. Recombination analysis reveals this genome differs from the 1950s-era prototype and vaccine strains by a lateral gene transfer, substituting the coding region for the L1 52/55 kDa DNA packaging protein from HAdV-16. DG01_2011 descends from both a strain circulating in Southwestern China (2010) and a strain from Shaanxi causing a fatality and outbreak (Northwestern China; 2009). Due to the higher morbidity and mortality rates associated with HAdV-7, the surveillance, identification, and characterization of these strains in population-dense China by REA and/or whole genome sequencing are strongly indicated. With these accurate identifications of specific HAdV types and an epidemiological database of regional HAdV pathogens, along with the HAdV genome stability noted across time and space, the development, availability, and deployment of appropriate vaccines are needed.
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