2017年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予Jeffrey C. Hall、Michael Rosbash和Michael W. Young，因他们发现“昼夜节律控制分子机制”。
为什么是三个人，而不是两个人？
原来呀，是因为Jeffrey C. Hall和MichaelRosbash在1984年分离出控制果蝇昼夜节奏的“period”基因，但却不知道这个基因的蛋白如何到达细胞核内，并控制核内遗传物质DNA的。
直到1994年Michael W. Young克隆出第二个生物钟基因“timeless”，才知道这个基因编码的蛋白与“period”基因编码的蛋白结合，才能到达核内的。继后他又鉴定出第三个生物钟基因 “doubletime”，该基因控制生物钟振动频率。
所以，今年的诺奖给了他们三个人。
见：
Nobel Prize in medicine or physiology awarded to JeffreyC ...
www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/
这三个人纯一色的美国人。情况如下：
Jeffrey C Hall was born 1945 in New York and received his doctoral degree in 1971 at the University of Washington in Seattle; he was a postdoctoral fellow at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena from 1971 to 1973. He joined the faculty at Brandeis University in Waltham in 1974. He was elected to the National Academy of Science for his revolutionary work in the field of chronobiology. In 2002, he became associated with University of Maine.
Michael Rosbash was born in 1944 in Kansas City and received his doctoral degree in 1970 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge; three three years later, he got a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland. Since 1974, he has been on faculty at Brandeis University in Waltham.
Michael W Young was born in 1949 in Miami, USA. He received his doctoral degree at the University of Texas in Austin in 1975. Between 1975 and 1977, he was a postdoctoral fellow at Stanford University in Palo Alto. From 1978, he has been on faculty at the Rockefeller University, New York.
见：
相关专题：2017年诺贝尔奖
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