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荷兰宣布2009年为“开放存取年”
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荷兰乌德勒支2009年2月26日电：荷兰高等教育部门宣布2009年为“开放存取年”（Open Access Year），旨在促进对科学/学术和基于实践研究成果的开放访问。全年将努力制定和实施开放存取政策，开发和完善知识基础设施，建立清晰的法律体制，提高全民的知晓度。
荷兰是开放存取的领头羊。许多大学都建立起了完善的知识基础设施确保公众对其出版物和研究成果的永久开放存取，如应用科学大学的知识银行。在国家层面，也建立起了“荷兰科学信息网关”，可以全文访问近17万种科技与学术出版物。尽管如此，荷兰政府仍在继续推动科技知识、信息和数据的开放访问。
与纸质时代相比，数字化开启了知识传播的机会之门，但未被充分利用。改进访问渠道将为教育领域知识的传授、研究领域知识的生产、文明社会知识的稳定获取奠定坚实的基础。公共获取的核心理念就是公共资金资助的研究成果应该对公众开放。
中国政府和科学界2004年就签署了《柏林宣言》，表明了支持开放存取的原则立场。中国政府何时有所行动？开放存取何时有实质性进展？
资料链接：
SURF: 2009 is Open Access year
Tackling restricted access to higher education research results
Utrecht, 26 February 2009 - The Dutch higher education sector has declared 2009 to be 'Open Access Year'. The aim is to boost Open Access to the results of scientific/scholarly and practice-based research. Efforts will be made throughout the year to formulate and implement an Open Access policy, develop and improve the knowledge infrastructure, establish a clear legal framework, and create awareness with all stakeholders. The parties involved are the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), the Dutch higher education sector, and research institutions. SURF will act as the coordinator.
The Netherlands is one of the world leaders in achieving Open Access. The research universities and a large number of universities of applied sciences have created a knowledge infrastructure making possible permanent Open Access to publications. NARCIS, the national "gateway to Dutch scientific information", provides access to the full text of almost 170,000 scientific and scholarly publications. The Knowledge Bank for Universities of Applied Sciences [HBO Kennisbank] gives access to the results of research by 'lectors' (directors of research groups and knowledge networks in Universities of Applied Science). Extensive information is also available about copyright in higher education, as well as a 'copyright toolbox' for authors and publishers. But there is still a lot to be done.
Public access
Dutch higher education institutions believe that radical improvements need to be made in Open Access to knowledge, information, and data. Compared to the “age of paper”, digitisation of research and scientific/scholarly communication opens up opportunities that are still underutilised. Improved access creates a solid basis for the transfer of knowledge in education, knowledge generation for research, and knowledge valorization for civil society. The central idea is that the results of publicly financed research should also be available to the public.
Dr Sijbolt Noorda, chairman of the Association of Universities in the Netherlands (VSNU), says that "It's in the interests of scientists and scholars for their publications to be digitally available for anyone in the world. It's in the interest of the general public too. Material that's been paid for out of our taxes can then be accessed and used by everyone."
Multimedia
Researchers and lectors need to be able to utilise all the new possibilities for scientific and scholarly communication opened up by the Internet and ICT. Authors are more 'visible' if their work is available on the Internet, and they have more readers than if they publish in the traditional journals only. The greatly increased cost of subscribing to the traditional journals means that university libraries and media centres can afford fewer and fewer of them. Moreover, scientific and scholarly publications increasingly consist of more than just text: primary research data and multimedia files are included, with audiovisual files and games being used to help present the research data. Constant development and improvement of the knowledge infrastructure is therefore necessary.
Copyright law
Information about copyright is also necessary because there are a lot of misunderstandings about Open Access and copyright. Complete transfer of copyright to a publisher, for example, may be an obstacle to the author's further use of the publication. This often means that the author is not even allowed to upload the work to his/her own personal website or to that of his/her knowledge network. Some publishers are prepared to arrange licences that do not require the exclusive transfer of copyright, but this is the common case yet.
Dr Noorda points out that five years ago the Netherlands was one of the pioneers in the field of Open Access "but since then all the other neighbouring countries have tackled it too. It's important for us to remain one of the leaders and really make progress."
Apart from Dr Noorda, various other administrators, university professors, and university deans have given their views on Open Access in a short film commissioned by SURF. The film can be viewed on a number of websites and on YouTube.
You can find this message also on the SURF website. http://www.surffoundation.nl/?id=14135
附件：屁屁倜-2009 Open Access Year
2009 Open Access Year
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