是谁决定了科学进步？
1 学术权威往往阻碍科学的进步
学术权威往往不是因为学术而有权威，仅仅是因为有话语权而有权威，
学术权威往往为了维护自己的既得利益而阻碍科学的进步。
同行评审使专业阶层将信息把关过程变成了保护他们自身地位的保障
科学的进步，不是学术权威决定的。
“A new scientific truth does not triumph by convincing its opponents and making them see the light, but rather because its opponents eventually die, and a new generation grows up that is familiar with it”
M. Planck, Scientific Autobiography and Other Paper, William & Norgate, London, 1950, pp. 33 -34.
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/407998797
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/363487648
“Beyond these considerations, the importance of many of the more recent developments cannot be evaluated objectively at this time. The history of mathematics teaches us that many subjects which aroused tremendous enthusiasm and engaged the attention of the best mathematicians ultimately faded into oblivion ... Indeed one of the interesting questions that the history answers is what survives in mathematics. History makes its own and sounder evaluations.”
--Morris Kline, Mathematical Thought from Ancient to Modern Times, Oxford University Press, 1972, ISBN 0-19-506136-5
2 什么是科学进步，不是顶刊说了算
现代学界，
大家相信同行评审期刊。
职称评定、业绩考核，只认同行评审期刊，
科学家已经失去自己独立评判的大脑，
凡是发表在同行评审期刊上的文章就是取得学术成果，
凡是发表在顶刊上的文章就是取得重大成果。
似乎顶刊决定科学进步，
似乎期刊随机选择的审稿人的无感而发的评审意见决定科学进步。
如果是这样的话，科学进步就没有了希望。
尽管期刊应该是交流新思想的平台。
但是由于学术研究的游戏化趋势，
主流科学家和主流期刊倾向于维护主流理论，压制反对思想的传播。
同行评审期刊已经成为各路主流科学家角逐的名利场。
-------------------------
科学网—[打听] 当前“顶刊”论文怎么了？ - 杨正瓴的博文 (sciencenet.cn)
学术论文已经完全变味了，发表论文再也代表不了科学研究。
“顶刊论文充斥低级错误，而且是无法修复的那种；...凡此种种，一再打破我的想象力天花板，国内国外都一样，名校甚至更普遍（或者说，更不吝）。”
我的一个欧洲朋友告诉他的一个同事的名言“That is a top journal, you wouldn't think it is scientific, would you?”
顶刊不过是顶刊而已，你还真以为顶刊是学术刊物？
-----------------------------------
实践反复证明：期刊同行评审很难发现文章中的低级错误，但是能高效阻止新思想的传播
绝对真实,卢家人了挑战爱因斯坦,卢氏就是牛! (baidu.com)
“后来我父亲又把论文寄到美国物理评论（Physics Review），杂志编辑很重视这篇文章，先后5次提出这样那样的问题，质疑论文的各项立论，都被我父亲圆满解答，这就是后来所说的“五个回合的较量”。最后编辑理屈词穷，由总编辑出面答复我父亲，承认无法再提问题，承认您的文章无懈可击，但因考虑该刊为主流物理杂志，不适宜刊登，建议到别的杂志社。”
看美国物理学会编审如何评价我的反对相对论的论文 - 知乎 (zhihu.com)
“我理解他们为什么在无法指出任何问题、无法给出任何评价的情况下，仍然寻找借口坚持拒稿。伽利略当众用实验证明，重的物体不比轻的物体下落更快，亚里斯多德的忠实拥护者包括众多知名学者目瞪口呆。但是又能怎么样呢？他们仍然不肯承认亚里斯多德的理论是错误的，反而把伽利略赶出了比萨大学。”
“根据楼主的描述发表一点个人看法，第一感觉这位编辑或审稿人很不负责。如果这人是编辑，要拒绝一篇论文非常简单，他会找到一个让作者能够接受，又无法反驳的理由，最常见的是：“由于本刊版面的限制，无法发表更多的优秀论文，建议改投其它刊物，谢谢您对本刊的支持。”如果这人是审稿人，他就不是一个合格的审稿人，
1.既然这篇论文（A）符合杂志的投稿要求，又无法指出论文的任何问题，就没有任何理由拒绝发表该论文；
2.如果A论文与B论文无关，你的权利是对A论文发表意见，而不是对无关的B论文发表评论 ... 对论文B有意见，可以以作者的身份通过正常的学术渠道批驳它；
3.如果A和B是关联的，你发现B是错误的，怎么可能无法指出A论文的错误？
4.作者的申诉的理由非常充分，编辑部必须告诉作者论文A为什么不能发表，有哪些学术问题和缺点？
5.'我们的审稿是公平和负责任的'。这样的答复是非常不负责任的，答非所问！你们要做的是提供一份正式的审稿意见，向作者解释为什么论文A不能发表，或另找其他审稿人重新审稿。”
“PRA不发表，你可以选择其它杂志，个人认为，在网络上喊冤的方式不可取。”
颠覆性创新的文章很难被同行评审期刊录用，在网上宣传一下还违法了不成？
如果真的脚正，就不应该怕鞋歪。
3 History makes its own and sounder evaluations
科学进步，
不是学术权威决定的，
什么是科学进步
顶刊编辑说了不算，
审稿人说了不算，
科学进步到底谁说了算数？
科学绝不是大多数人推进的，
科学从来就是极少数人推进的。
世界从来不是一个主流科学家的单极世界，
任何一个团体只能在特定时期内左右主流媒，
世界是一个多样化的世界，即使生命力极强的是极少数人，
世界上总有一些正真做学问的人。
科学进步正是那些真正做学问的人最终决定的，
即使这些人是极少数。
科学网—[转载]推翻公认理论的一些实例 （科技英文听力资料，英汉对照） - 刘跃的博文 (sciencenet.cn).
When la Varia died in 1877 he was still regarded as having discovered a new planet in the solar system.
How it was proven wrong?
Without Lovera acting as a cheerleader for Vulcans existence, it suddenly began to be doubted by many notable astronomers. The search was effectively abandoned in 1915 after ...
全球各地不断涌现出火神目击事件。 当拉瓦里亚于 1877 年去世时，他仍然被认为在太阳系中发现了一颗新
行星
没有Lovera作为啦啦队队长的存在，许多著名天文学家突然开始怀疑 ...
Top 10 Most Famous Scientific Theories That Turned out to be Wrong
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3MuMPLoQZN4
Top 10 Most Famous Scientific Theories (That Turned out to be Wrong)
https://www.toptenz.net/top-10-most-famous-scientific-theories-that-turned-out-to-be-wrong.php
错的就是错的，即使得到整个学界的支持，
对的就是对的，即使被整个学界拒绝。
https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/126110-right-is-right-even-if-no-one-is-doing-it
The quote by, St. Augusta, “wrong is still wrong even if everyone is doing it, and right is still right even if no-one is doing.” Simply means that an individual must own up to their responsibility rather than follow the line of someone else.
https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/1140604-moral-principles-do-not-depend-on-a-majority-vote-wrong
“Moral principles do not depend on a majority vote. Wrong is wrong, even if everybody is wrong. Right is right, even if nobody is right.”
― Fulton J. Sheen
“Right is right even if no one is doing it; wrong is wrong even if everyone is doing it.”
― Augustine
https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/40862-right-is-right-even-if-everyone-is-against-it-and
“Right is right, even if everyone is against it, and wrong is wrong, even if everyone is for it.”
― William Penn
Jamil CaldwellMrs. RobinsonEnglish 102 H2June 25, 2014
“Wrong is still wrong even if everyone is doing it, and right is still right even if no-one is doing it.” As a young child you grow in age and wisdom being trained and molded by your guardians where they will discipline and teach you responsibilities. The quote by, St. Augusta, “wrong is still wrong even if everyone is doing it, and right is still right even if no-one is doing.” Simply means that an individual must own up to their responsibility rather than follow the line of someone else. Responsibility is a characteristic that can make any individual successful in life. No matter what you do, whether at work, school or home, having responsibility and acting responsibly are key traits. When someone is responsible, they are accountable for the things they say or do. For example, you are in class and your classmate are being disrespectful to the professor, you think to yourself if you should follow along with everyone else or do otherwise and take the responsibility of being respectful and learn the material. An individual must learn to gain control of them in order to stand for something in life. People must understand and gain knowledge that just the whole group walks down one path does not necessarily mean that they are going the right way which gives the individual the upper hand of setting their own path and direction. If you’re going out with your friends and you see the guys who have their pants half way down their butt does not mean that is the right or appropriate way to dress, it just mean that they lack manners and self-appearance. There are many people in the world that lacks the skills of self-control so they allow themselves to be controlled by the image of others. When you allow matters such as this to occur, that single individual then lack the knowledge of knowing what is wrong and right which means you then lack the skill of responsibility.
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