徐凌燕
[转载]代谢学人-Hepatology近期研究精选
2022-12-20 18:45
阅读:1582

代谢学人

Hepatology近期代谢精选

撰文 | 朱丽君 刘爽 曹玉香 李国强

编辑 | 刘爽

校对 | 孟美瑶

微信图片_20221114195503.jpg


猫猫的神奇之处

你想象不到

神奇猫猫1.png

神奇猫猫2.png

核心节律分子Bmal1的神奇之处

再次刷新了我们已有的认知

Hepatology发表研究发现

Bmal1作为节律因子

协同其下游因子Rev-erbα在不同时间

与Crebh启动子不同位点相互作用

调控Crebh和ApoA4,控制脂蛋白分泌

Hepatology

1、Bmal1通过调节cAMP反应元件结合蛋白H和载脂蛋白AIV来调节较大脂蛋白的生成

害怕代谢发生障碍?要不调整下作息试试!

       血浆脂质/脂蛋白水平升高是多种代谢性疾病的危险因素。之前研究表明,在小鼠体内,昼夜节律失调可以通过调节血浆脂质水平来诱发高脂血症和动脉粥样硬化。在本篇文章中,研究人员发现在普通饮食或西方饮食喂养下,脑和肌肉芳烃受体核转位蛋白1 ( Bmal1 )缺乏的小鼠会发展为高血脂症,主要是由于体内富含甘油三酯和载脂蛋白AIV ( ApoAIV )的大粒径乳糜微粒和极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)过度生成而造成。Bmal1缺乏减少了小异源二聚体伴侣( Shp )水平,增加微粒体甘油三酯转移蛋白( MTP,促进原始脂蛋白组装和分泌的关键蛋白)水平。此外,研究人员还发现Bmal1通过调节cAMP反应元件结合蛋白H ( Crebh )来调节ApoAIV的表达和较大脂蛋白的组装。Crebh敲除小鼠和ApoAIV敲除小鼠,以及在Bmal1敲除小鼠中敲低Crebh,均发现其体内较小脂蛋白水平较高。此外,在Crebh敲除小鼠中过表达Bmal1对ApoAIV表达和脂蛋白大小没有影响。以上研究结果表明,Bmal1调节ApoAIV和组装更大的脂蛋白需要Crebh。机制研究表明,Bmal1通过两种机制调控Crebh的表达。首先,Bmal1与Crebh启动子相互作用,控制昼夜节律。其次,Bmal1增加核受体Rev-erb α的表达, Rev-erb α可以与Crebh启动子相互作用来抑制Crebh表达。简而言之,Bmal1通过调控两种不同的转录因子Shp和Crebh,对两种不同的蛋白质MTP和ApoAIV进行调节,从而调节原始脂蛋白的合成和随后的变大。昼夜节律机制的破坏可以导致高脂血症,避免昼夜节律的破坏可以预防高脂血症和动脉粥样硬化。

荐读20221114.png

拓展阅读


载脂蛋白与脂蛋白

载脂蛋白(Apolipoprotein)是脂蛋白(lipoprotein)中的蛋白质部分,主要在肝脏和小肠中合成。载脂蛋白的主要功能是作为脂蛋白的结构成分,通过血液和淋巴运输脂质。

脂蛋白是由富含固醇脂、甘油三酯的疏水性内核和由蛋白质、磷脂、胆固醇等组成的外壳构成的球状微粒。主要分为乳糜微粒(CM)、极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、中间密度脂蛋白(IDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)和载脂蛋白(a)。这几种脂蛋白颗粒密度依次变大,体积依次变小。其中,CM是血液中颗粒最大的脂蛋白,因而其密度最低。主要功能是运输小肠中的甘油三酯到体循环中。正常空腹12h后,体内不应该有CM。HDL 主要在肝脏和小肠中合成,可以将肝脏以外组织中的胆固醇转运到肝脏进行分解代谢(即胆固醇的反向转运)。因此,HDL被认为是抗动脉粥样硬化因子。LDL和VLDL 是富含胆固醇的脂蛋白,主要作用是将胆固醇从组织运送到外周血液,是动脉粥样硬化的危险因素之一,被认为是致动脉粥样硬化的因子。

目前,研究较多的载脂蛋白主要有载脂蛋白 B-100、载脂蛋白 B-48、载脂蛋白 A-I、载脂蛋白 C-II、载脂蛋白 C-III、载脂蛋白 E 和载脂蛋白 (a)(载脂蛋白a有别于载脂蛋白A。载脂蛋白a(apo(a))是组成脂蛋白(a)的蛋白质,在肝细胞表面和脂蛋-100结合后形成脂蛋白(a)。而载脂蛋白A是高密度脂蛋白(HDL)的主要蛋白质)。载脂蛋白B-100是VLDL,IDL,LDL和脂蛋白(a)的主要结构成分。载脂蛋白 B-48 是载脂蛋白 B-100 的截短亚型,形成CM的骨架。载脂蛋白A-I与三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体A1(ABCA1)相互结合,将细胞内转运出的胆固醇结合到载脂蛋白A1上,形成磷脂-载脂蛋白A1复合物。随后,卵磷脂-胆固醇酰基转移酶(LCAT)催化游离胆固醇酯化,使HDL颗粒从圆盘状转变为球形,在反向胆固醇转运中具有重要作用。载脂蛋白C-II、载脂蛋白C-III和载脂蛋白E参与富含甘油三酯的脂蛋白代谢。载脂蛋白(a)与载脂蛋白B-100共价结合形成脂蛋白(a),脂蛋白(a)是一种富含胆固醇的特殊大分子脂蛋白,表面由胆固醇及磷脂包裹,嵌有亲水性载脂蛋白。脂蛋白(a)与纤溶酶原(PLG)结构同源,可以与PLG竞争结合纤维蛋白,从而抑制纤维蛋白水解,促进血栓的形成。

在本篇文章中,研究人员发现,昼夜节律基因Bmal1可以通过调节两种不同的蛋白质,MTP和载脂蛋白IV,来调节原始脂蛋白的合成和随后的变大。而破坏昼夜节律则会导致高脂血症。


参考文献:

[1]Mehta, A., et al. Nat Rev Cardiol.2022;19, 168–179 .


Bmal1 regulates production of larger lipoproteins by modulating cAMP-responsive element-binding protein H and apolipoprotein AIV

一作Xiaoyue Pan  PIM Mahmood Hussain

发表单位Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA.

Abstract

High plasma lipid/lipoprotein levels are risk factors for various metabolic diseases. We previously showed that circadian rhythms regulate plasma lipids and deregulation of these rhythms causes hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in mice. Here, we show that global and liver-specific brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like 1 (Bmal1)-deficient mice maintained on a chow or Western diet developed hyperlipidemia, denoted by the presence of higher amounts of triglyceride-rich and apolipoprotein AIV (ApoAIV)-rich larger chylomicron and VLDL due to overproduction. Bmal1 deficiency decreased small heterodimer partner (Shp) and increased microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), a key protein that facilitates primordial lipoprotein assembly and secretion. Moreover, we show that Bmal1 regulates cAMP-responsive element-binding protein H (Crebh) to modulate ApoAIV expression and the assembly of larger lipoproteins. This is supported by the observation that Crebh-deficient and ApoAIV-deficient mice, along with Bmal1-deficient mice with knockdown of Crebh, had smaller lipoproteins. Further, overexpression of Bmal1 in Crebh-deficient mice had no effect on ApoAIV expression and lipoprotein size.These studies indicate that regulation of ApoAIV and assembly of larger lipoproteins by Bmal1 requires Crebh. Mechanistic studies showed that Bmal1 regulates Crebh expression by two mechanisms. First, Bmal1 interacts with the Crebh promoter to control circadian regulation. Second, Bmal1 increases Rev-erbα expression, and nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 1 (Nr1D1, Rev-erbα) interacts with the Crebh promoter to repress expression. In short, Bmal1 modulates both the synthesis of primordial lipoproteins and their subsequent expansion into larger lipoproteins by regulating two different proteins, MTP and ApoAIV, through two different transcription factors, Shp and Crebh. It is likely that disruptions in circadian mechanisms contribute to hyperlipidemia and that avoiding disruptions in circadian rhythms may limit/prevent hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.


原文链接:https://aasldpubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hep.32196



                                                        当代大学生能有多优雅


       优雅1.png        

                                                       优雅2.png

                                                       优雅3.jpg

号外~号外~

优雅的FXR又有新功能了

Hepatology发表研究发现

缺乏法尼醇X受体(FXR)

会增强铁的肝毒性

促进肝脂肪变性

并导致铁和胆汁酸稳态失调

Hepatology

2、小鼠和人类铁超载抑制FXR受体增强铁诱导的肝毒性

铁虽不贵,切勿贪杯!

      铁超载(IO)在普通人群中很常见。作为铁的主要储存场所,肝脏受到铁毒性的影响。法尼醇X受体(FXR)参与调节胆汁酸代谢,并与多种肝脏疾病有关。本文旨在确定FXR是否在调节肝脏铁毒性中发挥作用。研究人员首先用柠檬酸铁铵(FAC)或葡聚糖铁(FeDx)处理人和小鼠肝细胞;小鼠口服硫酸亚铁或腹腔注射FeDx;野生型和Fxr-/-小鼠高铁饮食1周或5周;同时给予高铁饮食的小鼠FXR激动剂GW4064;在高铁饮食喂养前1周,用重组腺相关病毒过表达FXR。对以上模型检测肝脏毒性的相关指标。并且本研究测定了患有高铁蛋白血症的成人和患有β-地中海贫血的儿童体内的血清胆汁酸和成纤维细胞生长因子19(FGF19)水平。结果表明,在人和小鼠肝细胞以及小鼠肝脏和肠中,铁抑制FXR的表达和信号转导。FXR缺乏增强了铁的肝毒性,并促进肝脏脂肪变性以及铁和胆汁酸稳态失调。FXR负调控铁调节蛋白1和2并阻止肝脏铁积累。过表达FXR和配体激活显著抑制铁喂养小鼠的铁肝毒性。FXR激动剂GW4064几乎完全逆转了铁喂养小鼠中失调的胆汁酸信号和代谢紊乱症状。在患有高铁蛋白血症的成人和患有β-地中海贫血的儿童的血清中,结合初级胆汁酸增加而FGF19减少。  本文确定了FXR在调节铁稳态和保护小鼠免受铁肝毒性方面的关键作用。靶向FXR是铁超载相关慢性肝病的一种潜在的治疗策略


拓展阅读


法尼醇X受体(FXR)

法尼醇x受体(FXR)是一种核受体,在控制胆汁酸、脂质和葡萄糖稳态方面起着关键作用。FXR通过抑制肝脏胆汁酸合成的反馈机制来调节胆汁酸稳态。胆固醇7α-羟化酶(CYP7A1)是肝脏胆汁酸生物合成途径中的限速酶。在肝脏中,FXR诱导小异二聚体伴侣(SHP)的表达,其与肝脏受体同系物1形成异二聚体并与CYP7A1的启动子结合,导致CYP7A1表达的下调。

荐读拓展阅读.jpg



胆汁酸对基因表达的前馈和反馈调控模型

      在肠道中,FXR诱导通过门静脉到达肝脏的成纤维细胞生长因子19的表达,与FGF受体4/β-klotho结合,并激活下游信号传导,抑制CYP7A1表达。此外,胆汁酸是胆汁中的主要有效成分,对脂肪代谢起着重要的作用,能够促使脂肪乳化成小液滴从而有利被肠道中的脂肪酶所水解,而FXR在调节胆汁酸肠肝循环,即胆汁酸随胆汁进入肠道完成对脂肪类食物的乳化后又被肠壁所重新吸收,再次经门静脉返回肝脏,并经肝脏代谢后与新合成的结合胆汁酸一起再经胆道排入肠道的过程中起着关键作用。在肝脏,FXR诱导胆汁酸排泄的主要转运蛋白-胆汁盐输出泵(BSEP)。在回肠中,FXR抑制顶端钠依赖性胆汁酸转运蛋白,将胆汁酸从肠腔转运到肠上皮细胞,并诱导有机溶质转运蛋白α和β(OSTα/β),将胆汁酸从肠上皮细胞转运到门静脉循环。


      本文证明了过表达FXR和配体激活都能逆转膳食铁诱导的肝毒性,提示其在铁超载等相关肝病的临床治疗中具有潜在的转化价值。

参考文献:

[1]Lim, P. J, et al. Nat Metab 2019;1:519-531.

[2]Lunova M, et al. J Hepatol 2014;61:633-641.

[3] Xie C, et al. Diabetes 2017;66:613-626. 

[4] Ibdah JA, et al. Gastroenterology 2005;128:1381-1390. 

[5]Thomas AM, et al. Hepatology 2010;51:1410-1419.


Suppressed farnesoid X receptor by iron overload in mice and humans potentiates iron-induced hepatotoxicity

一作Hui Xiong  PIYoucai Zhang

发表单位School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University.

Abstract

Iron overload (IO) is a frequent finding in the general population. As the major iron storage site, the liver is subject to iron toxicity. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) regulates bile acid metabolism and is implicated in various liver diseases. We aimed to determine whether FXR plays a role in regulating iron hepatotoxicity.Human and mouse hepatocytes were treated with ferric ammonium citrate or iron dextran (FeDx). Mice were orally administered ferrous sulfate or injected i.p. with FeDx. Wild-type and Fxr−/− mice were fed an iron-rich diet for 1 or 5 weeks. Mice fed an iron-rich diet were coadministered the FXR agonist, GW4064. Forced expression of FXR was carried out with recombinant adeno-associated virus 1 week before iron-rich diet feeding. Serum levels of bile acids and fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) were quantified in adults with hyperferritinemia and children with β-thalassemia. The data demonstrated that iron suppressed FXR expression and signaling in human and mouse hepatocytes as well as in mouse liver and intestine. FXR deficiency potentiated iron hepatotoxicity, accompanied with hepatic steatosis as well as dysregulated iron and bile acid homeostasis. FXR negatively regulated iron-regulatory proteins 1 and 2 and prevented hepatic iron accumulation. Forced FXR expression and ligand activation significantly suppressed iron hepatotoxicity in iron-fed mice. The FXR agonist, GW4064, almost completely restored dysregulated bile acid signaling and metabolic syndrome in iron-fed mice. Conjugated primary bile acids were increased and FGF19 was decreased in serum of adults with hyperferritinemia and children with β-thalassemia.FXR plays a pivotal role in regulating iron homeostasis and protects mice against iron hepatotoxicity. Targeting FXR may represent a therapeutic strategy for IO-associated chronic liver diseases.

https://aasldpubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hep.32270

张三

一个用凡人之躯丈量刑法的法律急先锋

普及法律知识的老工具人~

张三.png

生物领域“法外狂徒”TRIM11

被报道促进多种肿瘤增殖

Hepatology发表研究发现

TRIM11通过促进PHLPP1降解

激活AKT信号通路

在原发性肝癌中发挥致癌作用

Hepatology

3、TRIM11通过泛素-蛋白酶体介导的PHPP1降解促进肝细胞癌发生

HCC 治疗新希望!

      HCC是原发性肝癌的主要类型之一,发病率和死亡率高,治疗效果差。已有研究表明TRIM11可促进肺癌、乳腺癌、胃癌等的肿瘤形成。然而,TRIM11在HCC中的具体功能和机制仍有待研究。通过临床分析,我们发现TRIM11在HCC组织中的表达上调,并且与更高的肿瘤转移(TNM)分期、晚期组织学分级和较差的患者生存率相关。然后,通过过表达和敲减TRIM11发现,TRIM11在体外可以促进细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭以及在体内促进肿瘤生长。机制上,通过RNA测序和质谱分析表明TRIM11与PHLPP1相互作用,促进PHLPP1的K48位泛素化和降解,从而激活蛋白激酶B(AKT)信号通路。此外,PHLPP1的过表达阻断了TRIM11对HCC发展的促进作用。本文研究证实TRIM11通过PHLPP1/AKT信号通路在HCC中发挥致癌作用,提示靶向TRIM11可能是HCC潜在的治疗靶点。


拓展阅读



与泛素化有关的家族---TRIM家族

      TRIM(Tripartite motif-containing protein)家族的显著特点是具有3个结构域,这也是TRIM的名称由来。这三个结构域从N端到C端依次是1个锌指蛋白结构域,1个或2个B-box结构域和1个卷曲螺旋。其中,锌指结构由半胱氨酸和组氨酸有规律的排列组成,能结合2个锌原子,在功能上锌指结构域介导蛋白自身或者不同底物的泛素转移,所以该结构域是此家族成员具有泛素连接酶作用的结构基础。随着人类基因组测序的完成,在人类中已经发现TRIM家族的70个成员。

      TRIM蛋白已被发现参与多种生物过程,如细胞分化、生长增殖和凋亡。TRIM11在神经系统功能中发挥着重要作用,如阿尔茨海默病。也有研究证明TRIM11通过干扰HIV-1转导发挥抗逆转录病毒作用,并通过负调控干扰素-b发挥抗炎作用。近年来,TRIM11在癌症进展中的作用受到越来越多的关注:在结肠癌中,过表达TRIM11促进细胞增殖,抑制细胞凋亡。乳腺癌细胞中敲减TRIM11显著降低细胞的增殖和迁移。此外,有报道称TRIM11是胃癌的致癌基因,通过激活β-catenin信号通路,促进胃癌的增殖、迁移、侵袭和上皮-间充质转化(EMT)。在本文的研究发现TRIM11在HCC组织中的表达上调,并通过促进PHLPP1的K48位泛素化降解,激活AKT信号通路参与HCC的发生发展。

[1] Ozato K,et,ai. Nat Rev Immunol. 2008;8:849–60.

[2] Hatakeyama S. Nat Rev Cancer. 2011;11:792–804.

[3] Sato T, et,al.J Cell Sci. 2012;125:1544–55.


Tripartite motif-containing protein 11 promotes hepatocellular carcinogenesis through ubiquitin-proteasome–mediated degradation of pleckstrin homology domain leucine-rich repeats protein phosphatase 1

一作Juan Yang  PIPeng Zhang

发表单位Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.

Abstract

HCC is one of the main types of primary liver cancer, with high morbidity and mortality and poor treatment effect. Tripartite motif-containing protein 11 (TRIM11) has been shown to promote tumor formation in lung cancer, breast cancer, gastric cancer, and so on. However, the specific function and mechanism of TRIM11 in HCC remain open for study.Through clinical analysis, we found that the expression of TRIM11 was up-regulated in HCC tissues and was associated with high tumor node metastasis (TNM) stages, advanced histological grade, and poor patient survival. Then, by gain- and loss-of-function investigations, we demonstrated that TRIM11 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry analysis showed that TRIM11 interacted with pleckstrin homology domain leucine-rich repeats protein phosphatase 1 (PHLPP1) and promoted K48-linked ubiquitination degradation of PHLPP1 and thus promoted activation of the protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway. Moreover, overexpression of PHLPP1 blocked the promotional effect of TRIM11 on HCC function.Our study confirmed that TRIM11 plays an oncogenic role in HCC through the PHLPP1/AKT signaling pathway, suggesting that targeting TRIM11 may be a promising target for the treatment of HCC.

https://aasldpubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hep.32234


关注微信公众号代谢学人

了解更多代谢前沿资讯

图片1.png

转载本文请联系原作者获取授权,同时请注明本文来自徐凌燕科学网博客。

链接地址:https://wap.sciencenet.cn/blog-3483272-1363723.html?mobile=1

收藏

分享到:

当前推荐数:0
推荐到博客首页
网友评论0 条评论
确定删除指定的回复吗?
确定删除本博文吗?