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本文拟结合准静态过程假说原理,计算100kPa、20℃及25℃条件下,直径为1cm球形水滴的相对化学势,
供参考.
相对化学势的计算原理
对于100kPa、20℃及25℃条件下,直径为1cm球形水滴,依准静态过程假说原理可得:
G(H2O,l)=γ(H2O,l)·As(H2O,l)=μ(H2O,l)·n (H2O,l) (1)
由式(1)可得:
μ(H2O,l)=γ(H2O,l)·As(H2O,l)/n (H2O,l) (2)
2. 水相对化学势计算实例
[例]. 试利用水的表面张力数据,计算100kPa、20℃及25℃条件下,直径(D)为1cm球形水滴的相对化学
势。已知:ρ(H2O,l,20℃)=0.998523g/cm3,ρ(H2O,l,25℃)=0.997446g/cm3;
γ(H2O,l,20℃)=72.88×10-3N/m, γ(H2O,l,25℃)=72.14×10-3N/m.
M(H2O,l)=18.02g/mol
2.1 100kPa、20℃条件下,直径为1cm球形水滴相对化学势的计算
依题:As(H2O,l,20℃)=π·(D/2)2
=3.142×(10-2/2)2m2=7.855×10-5m2 (3)
n (H2O,l)=(4π/3)·(D/2)3·ρ(H2O,l,20℃)/M(H2O,l)
=4/3×3.142×(10-2/2)3m3×0.998523g/cm3÷18.02g/mol
=0.02901mol
将100kPa、20℃条件下相关数据代入式(2)可得:
μ(H2O,l,20℃)=γ(H2O,l,20℃)·As(H2O,l,20℃)/n (H2O,l,20℃)
=72.88×10-3N/m×7.855×10-5m2/0.02901mol
=1.973×10-4J/mol (4)
2.2 100kPa、25℃条件下,直径为1cm球形水滴相对化学势的计算
依题:As(H2O,l,25℃)=π·(D/2)2
=3.142×(10-2/2)2m2=7.855×10-5m2 (5)
n (H2O,l)=(4π/3)·(D/2)3·ρ(H2O,l,25℃)/M(H2O,l)
=4/3×3.142×(10-2/2)3m3×0.997446g/cm3÷18.02g/mol
=0.02898mol
将100kPa、25℃条件下相关数据代入式(2)可得:
μ(H2O,l,25℃)=γ(H2O,l,25℃)·As(H2O,l,25℃)/n (H2O,l,25℃)
=72.14×10-3N/m×7.855×10-5m2/0.02898mol
=1.955×10-4J/mol (6)
3. 结论
准静态过程假说原理结合蒸馏水的表面张力数据,可计算得到: μ(H2O,l,20℃)=1.973×10-4J/mol ;
μ(H2O,l,25℃)=1.955×10-4J/mol.
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