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Quantum Mechanics in Dual 4-dimensional Complex Space-Time and the Ontological Basis of Wave Function
Guoqiu Zhao
Huazhong university of science and technology - WISCO joint laboratory
Abstract Micro-object is both particle and wave, so the traditional Particle Model (mass point model) is actually not applicable. In order to describe the motion of the micro-object, we have extended the definition of time and space and obtained the spatial degree of freedom hidden by the particle model. We say that micro-object is like a rotating field-matter-ball, which has four degrees of freedom including one surface curvature degree and three mapping degrees in the three-dimensional phenomenal space.All the degrees are described by four curvature coordinate components, namely “k1, k2, k3, k4”, which form the imaginary part of a complex phase space, respectively. While as to the real part, we use “x1, x2, x3, x4” to describe the micro-object’s position in our real space. Consequently, we build a dual 4-dimensional complex phase space whose imaginary part is 4-dimension k space and real part is 4-dimension x space to describe the micro-object’s motion. Using the motion of the rotating field-matter-ball in the complex space, we derived the de Broglie wave expression. Furthermore, we say that wave function can describe the information of a field-matter-ball’s rotation & motion and also matter-wave can spread the information of micro-object’s spatial structure & density distribution. Matter-wave and probability-wave can transform to each other by the Fourier transform, though matter-wave is a physical wave. The non-point property is the basic source of the probability in Quantum Mechanics.
Dual 4-dimensional space-time quantum mechanics: Dual 4-dimensional space-time quantum mechanics gives the wave function physical reality explanation. In quantum measurement, the collapse of the wave function is accompanied by the collapse of space-time. Thus we can say the Fourier transform has a new physical meaning and the probability density distribution and the matter-field density distribution can translate to each other. Matter tells space-time how to have a probability property, space-time tells matter how to make a probability motion. It is possible to obtain good conceptual clarity and physical realism understanding of quantum entanglement, quantum communication and stealth transmission.
In a word, the basic idea of dual 4-dimensional space-time is:
1.Along the tradition which Kaluza-Klein started , Pauli's deduction of gauge fields,We attempt
to derive the probabilistic characteristics of quantum physics from more complex space-time structures that dual 4-dimensional space-time so that providing an interpretation of realism for quantum physics .
2.The more complex space-time structure,dual 4-dimensional space-time,is constructured under the
constraints of the probabilistic characteristics of quantum phenomena.Its reality remains to be confirmed , just as Minkowski's 4-dimensional space-time reality is confirmed by the development of subsequent physics .
3.The appearance of quantum physics,therefore,has given us a clearer understanding of the richness and complexity of the space-time structure.And the construction of dual 4-dimensional space-time also has provided an objective ontological basis for quantum physics .
论文链接:
[1].Guo qiu Zhao, Describe quantum mechanics in Dual 4 d complex space-time and the ontological basis of wave function,2014. Journal of Modern Physics, http://www.scirp.org/journal/jmp,RCCSE.
[2] .Guo qiu Zhao 《Quantum Mechanics Foundation in Dual 4-Dimensional Space-Time —Space-Time Origins of Quantum Probability》Published by Scientific Research Publishing, Inc. ISBN: 978-1-61896-202-7
http://www.scirp.org
[3].Guo qiu Zhao 《Quantum Mechanics Foundation in Dual 4-Dimensional Space-Time —Space-Time Origins of Quantum Probability》(Chinese version)Hubei science and technology press 2016.6. http://www.hbstp.com.cn
(赵国求,双4维时空量子力学基础——量子概率的时空起源(中文版),湖北科学技术出版社,2016.6.)
[4].Eimal:zhao66@126.com
摘要 微观客体既是粒子又是波,所以传统的粒子模型(质量点模型)不适用。为了描述微观客体的运动,我们扩展了时间和空间的定义,并获得了粒子模型隐藏的空间自由度。我们认为微物体就像一个转动的场物质球,它有四个自由度,包括一个表面曲率自由度和三维现象空间中的三个映射自由度,构成的曲率矢量k用四个曲率坐标分量来描述,即“k1 k2 k3 k4”,它们分别构成了复相空间的虚部。至于实部,我们用“x1,x2,x3,x4”来描述微观物体在我们真实空间中的位置。因此,我们构建了一个双四维的复相空间,其虚部是4维k空间,而实部是4维x空间来描述微物体的运动。利用转动场物质球在复空间的运动,我们推导出了德布罗意物质波,因此,波函数描述了场物质球的旋转运动的信息,可以通过物质波传播微观物体的空间结构和场物质密度分布的信息。物质波和概率波数学上可以通过傅里叶变换相互转换(测量的数学变换公式),微观客体的非点属性是量子力学中概率的基本来源。物质波是一种物理波。
双4维时空量子力学:双4维时空量子力学赋予波函数以物理实在性。量子测量中,波函数的坍缩伴随有时空的坍缩。物质告诉时空如何具有概率属性,时空告诉物质如何作概率运动。为此,量子纠缠、量子通讯、隐形传态都有可能得到很好的概念澄清和物理实在论理解。总之双4维时空的基本思路是:
1、沿着Kaluza-Klein的传统,也是Pauli导出规范场论的传统,试图从更复杂的时空结构(双4维时空)中导出量子物理的概率特征,从而为量子物理提供一种实在论的解读。2、更复杂的时空结构(双4维时空)是在量子现象的概率特征的约束下建构出来的,其实在性有待证实,就像Minkowski建构的4维时空的实在性有待后续物理学的发展证实一样。3、所以,量子物理的出现,使我们对时空结构的丰富、复杂有了更为清晰的认识,而双4维时空的建构也使量子物理有了客观的本体论基础。
致谢:感谢曹天予教授的关注与帮助。
国际量子力学基础基金会论坛在线国际讨论会国内讨论要点:
几位学者的提问及赵老师的回复:
双4维时空引入了更多的变量,幕后的另一个4维无非扮演隐变量的角色。
回复:你说的虚数部分的那4维,实际是点粒子隐藏的空间自由度,不是常规理解的隐变量。倒是有点像弦论隐藏的自由度,都是来自卡鲁扎-克莱因的启发。不过,我们引进了复空间,而不只是增加实空间的维度,徒然增加物理理解和数学运算困难。
场物质球理论模型与相对论结合,不但没有发散困难,而且能够释放点粒子隐藏的4个空间自由度。我们把微观客体自身应有的自由度挖掘出来,放在8维空间虚部,用双4维时空描述量子力学,目前看来比较经济。量子力学现有体系都可纳入其内,尤其是与相对论不矛盾更为可取。
更值得关心的是波函数的物理本质在双4维时空量子理论中得到了解决。在双4维时空中波函数是物理波,它是可以由物理模型推出来的,而且与现有量子力学假设形式完全相同。
多粒子纠缠下,双4维是怎么表达的?
回复:多粒子量子态是可以叠加的,曲率坐际应该虑这个叠加效应,只是坐标的变化更复杂,不影响双4维时空的抽象表达形式。纠缠态当然也应考虑,也不影响曲率坐际的抽象表达。关键是在双4维时空中波函数的表达形式与4维时空中的表达形式完全相同,不影响量子力学的各种计算。
物理时空具有建构特征,量子力学时空是物理时空,双4维时空同样具有建构特征。而它的具体形式就呈现在波函数的相位之中。多粒子量子态与双4维的关系已经很明确了。
双4维坐标系统与经典量子力学的坐标系统关系是什么?
回复:你说的双4维到4维的关系,现在可以作出回答。量子测量中,波函数坍缩的同时,时空也坍缩了,从双4维坍缩到4维,我们看到的是点粒子4维时空中的概率分布。
必须明了,量子力学中多维希尔伯特空间只是一个数学应用空间,无论在双4维空间和4维实在空间都可以操作,但物理性质有所不同。量子测量中是物理空间的坍缩,不存在多维希尔伯特空间的低维投影之说。
几何投影和概率的关系
回复:这是一个很关键的问题。它相当于球模型向点模型的一种表象变换。这里有时空坍缩,波函数坍缩,物理波向概率波转换等等物理过程。付立叶变换是其转换的数学方法。双4维时空量子力学一书第四篇第一章有详细讨论。这是曹天予老师最为看重的部分。正是,物质告诉时空如何具有概率属性,时空告诉物质如何作概率运动。
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