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艾滋病,1981年在美国首次发现和确认。全名为"获得性免疫缺陷综合症"(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ),英文缩写AIDS的音译,曾译为"爱滋病"、"爱死病"。分为两型:HIV
-1型和HIV-2型,它们又有各自的亚型。不同地区流行的亚型不同,同一亚型在不同地区也存在一定差异。是人体感染了“人类免疫缺陷病毒”(HIV - human immunodeficiency virus),又称艾滋病病毒,所导致的传染病。
人类天生具有免疫功能,当细菌、病毒等侵入人体时,在免疫功能正常运作下,就算生病了也能治愈。然而,HIV所攻击的正是人体免疫系统的中枢细胞—T4淋巴细胞,致使人体丧失抵抗能力艾滋病病毒HIV是一种能攻击人体免疫系统的病毒。它把人体免疫系统中最重要的T4淋巴细胞作为攻击目标,大量吞噬、破坏T4淋巴细胞。
这种病毒终生传染,破坏人的免疫系统,使人体丧失抵抗各种疾病的能力。HIV本身并不会引发任何疾病,而是当免疫系统被HIV破坏后,人体由于失去抵抗能力而感染其他的疾病导致各种复合感染而死亡。艾滋病病毒在人体内的潜伏期平均为12年至13年,在发展成艾滋病病人以前,病人外表看上去正常,他们可以没有任何症状地生活和工作很多年。
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Top Years
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Publications
|
|
---|---|---|
1988 |
|
6,410 |
1989 |
|
5,845 |
1990 |
|
5,368 |
1991 |
|
5,249 |
1992 |
|
4,871 |
1993 |
|
4,483 |
1987 |
|
4,154 |
1995 |
|
4,009 |
1994 |
|
3,863 |
1996 |
|
3,645 |
1997 |
|
3,240 |
1998 |
|
2,927 |
1986 |
|
2,834 |
1999 |
|
2,466 |
2000 |
|
2,233 |
2002 |
|
1,941 |
2001 |
|
1,897 |
1985 |
|
1,822 |
2004 |
|
1,780 |
2003 |
|
1,742 |
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Top Countries
|
Publications
|
|
---|---|---|
USA |
|
21,544 |
United Kingdom |
|
2,627 |
France |
|
2,363 |
Italy |
|
1,928 |
Germany |
|
1,587 |
Spain |
|
1,095 |
Japan |
|
1,067 |
Canada |
|
1,062 |
Brazil |
|
997 |
Netherlands |
|
730 |
Australia |
|
717 |
Switzerland |
|
632 |
India |
|
500 |
China |
|
489 |
South Africa |
|
468 |
Sweden |
|
373 |
Belgium |
|
341 |
Denmark |
|
304 |
Gambia |
|
257 |
Thailand |
|
238 |
1 2 3 ...9 |
1 2 3 ...98 | ||
Top Cities
|
Publications
|
|
---|---|---|
New York City |
|
2,528 |
London |
|
1,448 |
San Francisco |
|
1,312 |
Paris |
|
1,175 |
Bethesda |
|
1,152 |
Boston |
|
1,084 |
Baltimore |
|
881 |
Los Angeles |
|
744 |
Atlanta |
|
586 |
Philadelphia |
|
513 |
Rome |
|
461 |
Seattle |
|
447 |
Chicago |
|
444 |
Amsterdam |
|
421 |
Houston |
|
382 |
Tokyo |
|
373 |
Madrid |
|
365 |
San Diego |
|
359 |
Miami |
|
320 |
Barcelona |
|
310 |
1 2 3 ...98 |
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Top Journals
|
Publications
|
|
---|---|---|
Lancet |
|
2,205 |
Aids |
|
1,924 |
Science |
|
1,110 |
Jama-j Am Med Assoc |
|
1,047 |
Nature |
|
1,021 |
J Infect Dis |
|
934 |
J Virol |
|
929 |
New Engl J Med |
|
763 |
Ann Intern Med |
|
710 |
Aids Res Hum Retrov |
|
650 |
Aids Policy Law |
|
646 |
Bmj |
|
604 |
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr |
|
554 |
Med Clin-barcelona |
|
512 |
Clin Infect Dis |
|
485 |
Aids Care |
|
484 |
Am J Med |
|
388 |
Am J Public Health |
|
384 |
S Afr Med J |
|
357 |
Int J Std Aids |
|
356 |
1 2 3 ...256 |
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Top Terms
|
Publications
|
|
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome |
|
77,322 |
Humans |
|
74,078 |
HIV |
|
33,179 |
Patients |
|
26,386 |
Adult |
|
25,633 |
Viruses |
|
21,502 |
HIV Infections |
|
21,355 |
Syndrome |
|
19,096 |
Middle Aged |
|
11,581 |
Immunization |
|
10,150 |
Immunity |
|
10,066 |
United States |
|
9,962 |
HIV-1 |
|
9,489 |
Animals |
|
8,433 |
Pharmaceutical Preparations |
|
8,243 |
Adolescent |
|
7,910 |
Diagnosis |
|
7,693 |
Child |
|
6,848 |
Evaluation Studies as Topic |
|
6,763 |
Risk Factors |
|
6,556 |
1 2 3 ...1172 |
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