戏的台前和台后VS论文和论文的背后

戏院里，台后是化妆的地方，台前是表演的地方。

多数人只能看到台前，而看不到台后。

台前的动作是公开的，而且满足一定的标准（模式）。

台后的动作是非标准的（非模式的），有些动作是不宜公开的。

阅读论文也一样。

如果能了解到论文背后的信息，这无疑对我们是最重要的。

例如，如果能知道1篇论文背后的秘密（假数据），我们就不会花钱费力地去重复它的结果了。

货真价实的论文，也有论文背后的梳妆打扮过程。

杂化（hybridization）概念是Pauling化学键理论的核心。

1928年，受F. London论文的启发，Pauling产生了hybridization的灵感，直到1931年Pauling才把杂化的思想用自己的模式表达出来。

请看Pauling自己说的：

With respect to the chemical bond, the discovery of hybridization of bond orbitals is one that I have put pretty high because when I discovered this, I had had the idea, three or four years before, but the equations were so complicated that although I mentioned it in a paper in 1928, I didn’t then go on and publish a detailed paper until 1931, February I think, March 1931, when I had found a simple way of discussing the problem.

再看看1928年Pauling的手稿（未独立发表）：

"London’s paper. General ideas on bonds." 1928.

[LP Annotation: "Here we have the first discussion of hybridization"].

"London’s paper. General ideas on bonds." 1928.

[LP Annotation: "Here we have the first discussion of hybridization"].

   实际上，把量子力学应用到化学键的第一人，是Fritz London。

只不过Fritz London研究的是氢气分子，而Pauling扩展到了更多更复杂的分子。

Philip W. Anderson (Nature 2005 437:625)说:

The first general attempt to understand the world of atoms according to quantum mechanics. But London did much more than create the first theory of the chemical bond, and has not had the recognition he deserves.

For a few years, London worked at trying to found chemistry on quantum theory, but in the end was overwhelmed by Linus Pauling's more heuristic approach; he never published his book on the subject.

 [Editor's note: The physicist Nobel laureate Philip W. Anderson is another individual. The author in the above report is of the same name but is not the same person.]

Pauling引用的London的化学键概念

（Chem. Rev. 5 (June 1928)-173-213-34）

Pauling引用的London的化学键概念

（Chem. Rev. 5 (June 1928)-173-213-34）

下面是Pauling表达杂化（hybridization）思想的手稿(1930年)。

手稿究竟有多少页，Pauling自己也不知道。但是，这些手稿是很重要的，因为后来Pauling又几次注释过自己的手稿。