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脆性X染色体综合症及其关联的共济失调-上帝偏爱女人的证据

已有 6772 次阅读 2013-10-13 00:54 |个人分类:Science in action|系统分类:科研笔记| 上帝, 染色体, 综合症

脆性X染色体综合症及其关联的共济失调-上帝偏爱女人的证据

 

  创世纪的时候,上帝按照他自己的样子创造了这个世界上的第一个男人-亚当,后来又觉得亚当孤苦伶仃的样子实在堪怜,于是便取了亚当的一根儿肋骨,制造了夏娃,自此亚当成了夏娃的男人,而夏娃自然就成了亚当的女人!

 

  夏娃听信了蛇的“谣言”,鼓动她的男人偷吃伊甸园里“智慧树”的果子,因此,男人本应该更聪明!

其实,上帝创造亚当,本意是希望他能够做到“难得糊涂”,因为太过聪明会凭空惹来不少麻烦,甚至是杀身之祸,比如三国时期曹操就因为杨修太聪明而把杨修杀无赦...这样男人之间难免会自相残杀...

 

为了避免这种自相残杀的惨剧发生,也鉴于亚当已经偷吃了那智慧树的果子,上帝于是采取了必要的补救措施-用一条濒临“灭绝”的Y染色体替换掉了亚当体内的一条X染色体,这样使得亚当染色体为XY,而来自亚当肋骨的夏娃依然保留了两条XX染色体,这最终成了男人和女人的内在区别。

 

 上帝把决定人的智慧的基因放在人的X染色体上,并在相应基因的一端插入了一段“垃圾”DNA,这段垃圾DNA就是我们现在已经搞明白了的“CGG”重复序列!

 

 智利中等的人,这段垃圾CGG的重复程度一般比较短,不多于60个重复单位,但很麻烦的是,这段重复序列会像彼诺曹的鼻子那样变长!

     

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Object name is tre-02-63-375-2-g001.jpg

( From:Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y). 2012; 2: tre-02-63-375-2.

Published online 2012 May 18. )

 

FMR1 mRNA levels increase with increasing CGG-repeat length (gold segments) throughout the premutation range, and undergo a transition to greatly diminished levels in the full mutation range because of hypermethylation of the FMR1 promoter region. In some instances, methylation mosaicism results in continued production of low-to-moderate levels of mRNA in the full mutation range. RNA toxicity in the premutation range is thought to arise through sequestration, by direct binding to the expanded CGG-repeat element within the FMR1 mRNA, of one or more RNA binding proteins that would normally be associated with other mRNAs. Sequestration in turn leads to loss of the normal function(s) of those proteins, which may include splice modulation and regulation of miRNA production, among other functions. Dysregulation of RNA processing is thought to lead to multiple forms of downstream cellular dysregulation.

 

 

   CCG重复序列的长度超过200个重复单位时,这样的男人会在老年时期出现共济失调---表现为“颤抖”(可能——上帝?),我们临床上称之为“脆性X染色体关联的震颤综合征(Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS), 而当这段CGG进一步变长之后,这个男人就会发展为典型的脆性X染色体综合征(马丁-贝尔综合征),这种脆性X染色体综合症直接造成男人的智力低下,这是排在唐式综合征之后,造成男人变傻的第二大原因。

 

   读者诸君看到此时可能会茅塞顿开!上帝控制人类“智慧”能力的秘密就在于此!

 他拿掉那男人的一条X染色体,并用一条短的不能在短的Y染色体替换它,同时,他又在直接控制智力的基因处插入了一段CGG重复序列,并使这段重复序列“莫名其妙”地变长或变短!

  当这段重复序列很短时,那男人的智力会高些...

  当这段重复序列变到一定长度,那男人依然是聪明的,但需要表现出“颤抖”--震颤...

  当这段重复序列变得更长之后,那男人无需再颤抖,而是失去了大部分的智力, 便成傻子!

 

难道这一切都“报应”给男人?而不“报应”女人?

 确实是这样,因为女人有两条X染色体,比男人多一倍的机会被免于惩罚!

 但是,这样的女人只是“缓刑”,她会有50%的可能性使她生的儿子变成Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS)或脆性X染色体综合征!

 

 很麻烦的是,CGG这种长短的改变毫无预兆!因为它并不遵守“蒙德尔遗传”(必然性),而是一种“动态”遗传,这里面存在在“偶然性”!

 

直到目前为止,此类问题依然得不到解决!已经成为世界性的重大难题之一。

 

非常不幸!老夫在相关领域干了17年!目前虽然没有变傻,但几乎变疯!

因此不得不祷告:

 

上帝啊!请您饶恕!

 

 

 

Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS)

脆性X相关的震颤/共济失调综合征( FXTAS )

 

是一种尚未给以足够认识的疾病( a significant cause of late-adult-onset ataxia)。

 

The etiology is expansion of a trinucleotide repeat to the premutation range (55到200 CGG repeats) in the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene.

该基因扩增 >200 CGGs 导致脆性X染色体综合症( fragile X syndrome)

是一种最为常见的可遗传性认知障碍和自闭症的发病原因(The most common heritable cause of cognitive impairment and autism) .

Core features of FXTAS include progressive action tremor and gait ataxia; with frequent, more variable features of cognitive decline, especially executive dysfunction, parkinsonism, neuropathy, and autonomic dysfunction.

 

MR imaging shows generalized atrophy and frequently abnormal signal in the middle cerebellar peduncles.

Autopsy reveals intranuclear inclusions in neurons and astrocytes and dystrophic white matter. FXTAS is likely due to an RNA toxic gain-of-function of the expanded-repeat mRNA.

 

   The disorder typically affects male premutation carriers over age 50, and, less often, females.

Females also are at increased risk for primary ovarian insufficiency, chronic muscle pain, and thyroid disease. Treatment targets specific symptoms, but progression of disability is relentless. Although the contribution of FXTAS to the morbidity and mortality of the aging population requires further study, the disorder is likely the most common single-gene form of tremor and ataxia in the older adult population.

 



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