武夷山分享 http://blog.sciencenet.cn/u/Wuyishan 中国科学技术发展战略研究院研究员;南京大学信息管理系博导

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什么影响什么?

已有 3897 次阅读 2015-7-22 13:30 |个人分类:换一个角度|系统分类:博客资讯

什么影响什么?

武夷山

 

发现事物之间的相关性较为容易,说明有关因素的相关机理甚至因果关系则要难得多。发现相关性后,轻率地对变量间的关系加以解释,是很容易出错的。下面我转贴今天《科技日报》的一篇报道,报道说:“得益于遗传多样性,人类进化得比祖先更聪明,并且身材更高了。”这句陈述是个因果判断。

我倒想大胆地提出另一个解释:个子高可以作为“外在吸引力”的替代指标,思维能力则是“内在吸引力”的替代指标。外在吸引力与外在吸引力均强的人肯定更容易成功,成功者更容易进入大都市,更容易走向世界,从而与异族人发生接触并最终通婚的可能性要大得多。那么,他们的子女自然也比一般人要高些,要更加聪明些。也就是说,我猜测的因果方向是反过来的。

该项研究发表于《自然》杂志,见http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature14618.html。或点击以下附件:

20150722博文配合Humans evolved to be taller and faster-thinking, study sugge.htm


如果后代比父母更高,更聪明,则我会比较认可此文作者的结论;如果后代比表兄弟姐妹更高,更聪明,则可能我的解释更能站住脚。

元芳,你怎么看?

 

遗传多样性影响人类身高和思维

■环球短讯

   科技日报北京7月20日电 (记者华凌)英国一个研究团队对各国人口基因的研究发现,得益于遗传多样性,人类进化得比祖先更聪明,并且身材更高了。这一发表在《自然》杂志上的研究首次回答了达尔文提出的遗传多样性有何益处的问题。

   该研究由英国医学研究委员会资助。研究人员分析了世界各地100多个健康和遗传信息研究,包括来自城市和乡村35万多人的详细信息。结果发现,更丰富的遗传多样性与增加个子高度有关,也与更好的认知技能以及更高的教育层次相关。其父母来自不同遗传背景的人往往比其他人更高,并且具有更强的思维能力。但遗传多样性与高血压或胆固醇水平这些影响人体健康的因素无关。

   据每日科学网、物理学家组织网报道,英国爱丁堡大学的研究人员调查了这些人的整个基因构成,发现受遗传多样性影响的是他们的身高和快速思考能力,其罹患严重疾病的倾向则不受影响。

   爱丁堡大学吉姆·威博士说:“这项研究突出了大规模遗传分析的能力,揭示了人类进化历史的基本信息。”


博主:附原文标题和摘要


Directional dominance on stature and cognition in diverse human populations

Journal name:NatureYear published:(2015)DOI:doi:10.1038/nature14618Received01 February 2015 Accepted28 May 2015 Published online01 July 2015

Article tools

Homozygosity has long been associated with rare, often devastating, Mendelian disorders1, and Darwin was one of the first to recognize that inbreeding reduces evolutionary fitness2. However, the effect of the more distant parental relatedness that is common in modern human populations is less well understood. Genomic data now allow us to investigate the effects of homozygosity on traits of public health importance by observing contiguous homozygous segments (runs of homozygosity), which are inferred to be homozygous along their complete length. Given the low levels of genome-wide homozygosity prevalent in most human populations, information is required on very large numbers of people to provide sufficient power3, 4. Here we use runs of homozygosity to study 16 health-related quantitative traits in 354,224 individuals from 102 cohorts, and find statistically significant associations between summed runs of homozygosity and four complex traits: height, forced expiratory lung volume in one second, general cognitive ability and educational attainment (P < 1 × 10−300, 2.1 × 10−6, 2.5 × 10−10 and 1.8 × 10−10, respectively). In each case, increased homozygosity was associated with decreased trait value, equivalent to the offspring of first cousins being 1.2 cm shorter and having 10 months’ less education. Similar effect sizes were found across four continental groups and populations with different degrees of genome-wide homozygosity, providing evidence that homozygosity, rather than confounding, directly contributes to phenotypic variance. Contrary to earlier reports in substantially smaller samples5, 6, no evidence was seen of an influence of genome-wide homozygosity on blood pressure and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, or ten other cardio-metabolic traits. Since directional dominance is predicted for traits under directional evolutionary selection7, this study provides evidence that increased stature and cognitive function have been positively selected in human evolution, whereas many important risk factors for late-onset complex diseases may not have been.


 




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