[惊悚,观察者] 我亲眼观察到“尺胀效应”(关联狭义相对论的“尺缩效应”)
狭义相对论: special relativity
尺缩效应: length contraction, Lorentz contraction, Lorentz–Fitzgerald contraction
旋转:rotation
观察者: observer
滤波器: filter
尺胀效应: length expansion
一、尺胀效应:长度的膨胀
今天中午,我骑着自行车去购买“干电池”。
路上有不少汽车掠过。于是亲眼观察到了“尺胀效应”。
(1)汽车从远处驶来,它的观察体积“由小变大”;对应地,长度也在变大。即,尺胀效应。
(2)当汽车与我平行时,它的体积(长度)最大。
(3)当汽车接着向远处行驶时,它的观察体积“由大变小”;对应地,长度也在缩短。即,尺缩效应。
二、狭义相对论的“尺缩效应(Lorentz contraction)”的旋转解释
具体请看:
(1)杨正瓴. Lorentz Contraction的矢量化表示和它的滤波器解释[EB/OL]. 北京:中国科技论文在线 [2005-04-27].
http://www.paper.edu.cn/releasepaper/content/200504-173
(2)Physics World, 2019-08-13, The invisibility of length contraction
https://physicsworld.com/a/the-invisibility-of-length%E2%80%AFcontraction/
(a) To understand why an object appears rotated, not contracted, when moving at relativistic speeds, imagine you’re looking at a cube of length L moving from left to right. You, the observer, are standing far enough away, compared to the cube’s dimensions, that the solid angle subtended by the cube is small and light rays from it are essentially parallel.
【机器翻译】(a) 为了理解为什么一个物体在以相对论速度移动时看起来是旋转的,而不是收缩的,想象一下,你看到一个长度为L的立方体从左向右移动。与立方体的尺寸相比,你,作为观察者,站得足够远,立方体对向的立体角很小,光线基本上是平行的。
https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/PWAug19Appell-fig1_a.jpg
https://physicsworld.com/a/the-invisibility-of-length%E2%80%AFcontraction/
等。本文从略。
三、“尺胀效应”、“尺缩效应”的直观现象
您只要观察一下汽车(火车、他人其自行车、……)即可。
下面,用买来的干电池照片,简单直观示意一下。
(1)
(2)干电池的观察效果:越来越长。
(3)干电池的观察效果:越来越长。
(4)以上是“尺胀效应”。干电池的观察效果:越来越长。
下面是“尺缩效应”。干电池的观察效果:越来越短。
(5)干电池的观察效果:越来越短。
(6)干电池的观察效果:越来越短。
(7)
参考资料:
[1] Roger Penrose, The Nobel Prize in Physics 2020
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2020/penrose/facts/
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2020/summary/
[2] R. Penrose. The apparent shape of a relativistically moving sphere [J]. Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society , Volume 55 , Issue 1 , January 1959 , pp. 137 - 139
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305004100033776
[3] J. Terrell. Invisibility of the Lorentz contraction [J]. Physical Review, 1959,116(4): pp1041-1045
https://journals.aps.org/pr/abstract/10.1103/PhysRev.116.1041
[4] Victor Frederick Weisskopf. The visual appearance of rapidly moving objects [J]. Physics Today, 1960, 13(9): 24-27.
https://physicstoday.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.3057105
[5] Weisskopf, Victor Frederick, 1908-2002, American Institute of Physics
https://history.aip.org/phn/11512009.html
[6] Victor J. Weisskopf, Wolf Prize Laureate in Physics 1981, Wolf Foundation
https://wolffund.org.il/2018/12/09/victor-j-weisskopf/
https://wolffund.org.il/the-wolf-prize/#Laureates
[7] Victor F. Weisskopf, 1979, National Medal of Science Physical Sciences, National Science & Technology Medal Foundation
https://nationalmedals.org/laureate/victor-f-weisskopf/
[8] A. P. French. Special relativity [M]. New York : W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1968. The M.I.T. introductory physics series
[9] Physics World, 2019-08-13, The invisibility of length contraction
https://physicsworld.com/a/the-invisibility-of-length%E2%80%AFcontraction/
[10] 华罗庚. 从单位圆谈起 [M]. 北京:科学出版社,1977,第5章
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