[小资料，图片] Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory 肖克莱半导体实验室
肖克利/肖克莱半导体实验室： Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory
肖克莱/肖克利： William Bradford Shockley, 1910-02-13 ~ 1989-08-12, 79
八叛逆： the traitorous eight
作为硅谷发源地的肖克利半导体实验室的地方（391 South San Antonio Road 圣安东尼奥南路391号），肖克利实验室的旧房子已经于 2015-04-03 被拆除。
391 South San Antonio Road in Mountain View, California
加利福尼亚州山景城圣安东尼奥南路391号
Finally, on June 1st 1955, Shockley left Bell Labs to start a company to make silicon bipolar devices (and other semiconductor devices).
On September 23rd 1955, Shockley received funding for 2 years from Arnold Beckman, with the promise to collect "the most creative team in the world for developing and producing transistors". Beckman wanted to set up the company in Pasadena (southern California) but Shockley wanted to set it up in Palo Alto since his aging mother lived there (at 949 Waverley Street). He rented a Quonset hut at 391 San Antonio Road, where we all were last Wednesday. It was 2255 square feet (rent was 5.5￠ per square foot).
From October to the end of 1955, Shockley made good on his promise to hire the most creative team. He would just call and say: "this is Shockley calling." Everyone knew who he was. Noyce recalls thinking "I'm talking to God." He hired Noyce, Moore, Last, Hoerni, Roberts, Kleiner, Grinich, Blank. His pitch was "we will focus first on making silicon bipolar transistors." He was apparently extremely good at judging people, but he didn't trust his own judgment and was a big believer in IQ and personality tests, and made everyone take one. Noyce and Moore were "very bright but will never make good managers"!
In February Beckman and Shockley announced the company, and in April the team started work.
On 18th September 1957, each of the eight members of the group hands in individual resignation letters. Shockley wrote in his diary: "Wed 18 Sept — Group resigns." That's it.
On 19th September 1957, the group signed an agreement to form Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation (from now on, FSC) at 844 South Charleston Road. Jim considers this the birth certificate of Silicon Valley.
In April 1960, Beckman sells SSL for $1M, and Shockley takes a position as Professor of Engineering Science at Stanford. The business is finally formally closed in 1968.
【机器翻译】
最后，1955年6月1日，肖克利离开贝尔实验室，创办了一家制造硅双极器件（和其他半导体器件）的公司。
1955年9月23日，肖克利从阿诺德·贝克曼那里获得了为期两年的资助，并承诺组建“世界上最具创造力的晶体管开发和生产团队”。贝克曼想在帕萨迪纳（南加州）成立公司，但肖克利想在帕洛阿尔托成立公司，因为他年迈的母亲住在那里（位于韦弗利街949号）。他在圣安东尼奥路391号租了一间昆塞特小屋，上周三我们都在那里。面积为2255平方英尺（租金为每平方英尺5.5美分）。
从10月到1955年底，肖克利兑现了雇佣最具创造力的团队的承诺。他只会打电话说：“这是肖克利的电话。”每个人都知道他是谁。诺伊斯回忆起当时的想法：“我在和上帝说话。”他雇佣了诺伊斯、摩尔、拉斯特、赫尔尼、罗伯茨、克莱纳、格里尼奇、布兰克。他的演讲是“我们将首先专注于制造硅双极晶体管。”他显然非常善于判断人，但他不相信自己的判断，他非常相信智商和性格测试，并让每个人都参加一次。诺伊斯和摩尔“非常聪明，但永远不会成为优秀的经理”！
2月，贝克曼和肖克利宣布成立该公司，4月，该团队开始工作。
1957年9月18日，该组织的八名成员各自递交了辞职信。肖克利在日记中写道：“9月18日星期三——集团辞职。”就是这样。
1957年9月19日，该集团签署了一项协议，在查尔斯顿南路844号成立了飞兆半导体公司（从今往后，FSC）。吉姆认为这是硅谷的出生证明。
1960年4月，贝克曼以100万美元的价格出售SSL，肖克利担任斯坦福大学工程科学教授。该企业最终于1968年正式关闭。
图1 BirthplaceOfSV-Plaque.jpg
https://ethw.org/w/images/a/ae/BirthplaceOfSV-Plaque.jpg
https://ethw.org/Milestones:Birthplace_of_Silicon_Valley,_1956
纪念1956年肖克利半导体实验室成立的IEEE里程碑牌匾。
图2-1 Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory, Mountain View, circa 1960. Photo: Chemical Heritage Foundation Collections 肖克利半导体实验室，山景城，约1960年。照片：化学遗产基金会藏品
https://computerhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/bs60_Shockley_lab_Brock_IMG_0894_a.jpg
图2-2 Quonset-Hut.jpg
https://www.eejournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Quonset-Hut.jpg
Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory set up shop in a rented, one-room Quonset hut.
肖克利半导体实验室在昆塞特租来的一间单间小屋里开店。
图3 ShockleyLabs.jpg
https://ethw.org/w/images/3/33/ShockleyLabs.jpg
https://ethw.org/Milestones:Birthplace_of_Silicon_Valley,_1956
图4 2007-04-10 960x0.webp
https://s.hdnux.com/photos/12/25/11/2708081/7/960x0.webp
https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/a-conductor-of-history-the-former-shockley-labs-2576278.php
The site of the first silicon device and research was done at this building in Mountain View. The building is under renovation. TUESDAY, APRIL 10, 2007 KURT ROGERS MOUNTAIN VIEW THE CHRONICLE KURT ROGERS/THE CHRONICLE SILICON_0042_kr.jpg MANDATORY CREDIT FOR PHOTOG AND SF CHRONICLE / NO SALES-MAGS OUT
KURT ROGERS
图5 vado022.jpg
Shockley's Laboratory (1956): 391 San Antonio Road, Mountain View (demolished in 2016)
https://scaruffi.com/monument/silicon/vado022.jpg
https://scaruffi.com/svhistory/svtour.html
图6 1200x0.jpg
https://s.hdnux.com/photos/12/25/11/2708082/7/1200x0.jpg
图7 d74ad9d3-79af-4d00-b327-ad59cf9fa2b21916e707ee14ef4206_ShockleyBldg.webp
https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/the-real-birthplace-of-silicon-valley
图8 Fountain-with-silicon-crystal.jpg
https://www.eejournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Fountain-with-silicon-crystal.jpg
This fountain at 391 San Antonio Road depicts a silicon crystal lattice to commemorate the reason that Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory was founded.
这座位于圣安东尼奥路391号的喷泉描绘了一个硅晶格，以纪念肖克利半导体实验室成立的原因。
图9 Shockley_Plaque_r.jpg
https://ethw.org/w/images/d/dd/Shockley_Plaque_r.jpg
图10 shockley-labs-2240x1494.jpg
https://mkaz.com/silicon-valley/shockley-labs/shockley-labs-2240x1494.jpg
https://mkaz.com/silicon-valley/shockley-labs/
The original Shockley Labs building was torn down on April 3, 2015. It was most recently a grocery store and fruit stand. Here’s the video of it being torn down. Good-bye Shockley Labs thanks for the original spark!
最初的肖克利实验室大楼于2015年4月3日拆除。最近是一家杂货店和水果摊。这是它被拆除的视频。再见，肖克利实验室，谢谢你的原创火花！
图11 102762844-03-01-acc.jpg
https://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/access/still-image/2017/01/102762844-03-01-acc.jpg
https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102762844
1956-11-02.
At Rickey's Studio Inn on El Camino Real, Palo Alto, Shockley employees toast their boss William Shockley (seated at the head of the table) on the news of his 1956 Nobel Prize award. Later founders of Fairchild Semiconductor include, seated from left, Gordon Moore and Sheldon Roberts. Robert Noyce is standing with wine glass in hand at rear center and Jay Last at far right. Donated by Craig Addison.
1956-11-02。在帕洛阿尔托El Camino Real的Rickey工作室旅馆，肖克利的员工为老板威廉·肖克利（坐在桌子的头上）1956年诺贝尔奖的消息干杯。仙童半导体后来的创始人包括左起的戈登·摩尔和谢尔登·罗伯茨。罗伯特·诺伊斯站在后排中央，手里拿着酒杯，杰伊·拉斯特站在最右边。由克雷格·艾迪生捐赠。
图12 Shockley's September 1918, 1957 logbook entry for the resignation of the Fairchild founders 1957年18日、19日，肖克莱对Fairchild创始人辞职的日志条目
https://images.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/1956-1-4.jpg
https://www.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/silicon-comes-to-silicon-valley/
图13 2015-04-03 拆除之前，原来的“肖克莱半导体实验室”房子是一个水果店
https://ethw.org/w/images/6/6e/100_2647.JPG
参考资料：
[1] Engineering and Technology History Wiki, 2024-08-01, Milestones: Birthplace of Silicon Valley, 1956
https://ethw.org/Milestones:Birthplace_of_Silicon_Valley,_1956
[2] Steven Leibson, 2018-08-17, 391 San Antonio Road: The House that William Shockley Built (and Destroyed)
[3] IEEE, 2018+ ,Global IEEE News > Shockley’s Historic Semiconductor Laboratory Honored With Two IEEE Milestones
[4] Paul McLellan, 2018-08-17, The Brief but Spectacular History of Shockley Labs
[5] Steven Leibson, 2018-09-09, For Lease: Birthplace of the IC
https://www.eejournal.com/2018/09/09/for-lease-birthplace-of-the-ic/
[6] 1956: SILICON COMES TO SILICON VALLEY, SHOCKLEY SEMICONDUCTOR LABORATORY DEVELOPS NORTHERN CALIFORNIA'S FIRST PROTOTYPE SILICON DEVICES WHILE TRAINING YOUNG ENGINEERS AND SCIENTISTS FOR THE FUTURE SILICON VALLEY. Computer History Museum
https://www.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/silicon-comes-to-silicon-valley/
[7] mkaz.com, 2016-09, Shockley Labs
https://mkaz.com/silicon-valley/shockley-labs/
In 1956 William Shockley moved to Mountain View, CA to start Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory. Shockley was a physicist and researcher at Bell Labs in New York where he co-developed the first transistor.
His labs in Mountain View was the start of the semiconductor industry in Santa Clara Valley. Shockley’s paranoia and poor management style led to The Traitorous Eight who left Shockley Labs and went on to start 65 new businesses; including Gordon Moore and Robert Noyce who left to start Fairchild and then Intel.
The original Shockley Labs building was torn down on April 3, 2015. It was most recently a grocery store and fruit stand. Here’s the video of it being torn down. Good-bye Shockley Labs thanks for the original spark!
This is pretty much the reason I’m doing this project, to document and record some of the historic places involved in creating Silicon Valley. I got lucky I stopped by to shoot Shockley Labs on a lunch break and found that they are tearing it down. If I was a day later it would already have been gone, as it is, I wasn’t able to capture the original building.
参考资料：
[1] 2025-01-08，[优先权，笔记，展望] 新型数字JK触发器：“半电路、半电磁场”集成电路、“光”“电”共生集成芯片的关键判断
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1467963.html
[2] 2023-08-31，[小资料] 1949年肖克莱（William Bradford Shockley）的结型晶体管论文的引言（图片）和图片页
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1401002.html
[3] 2024-07-19，[讨论] 假如肖克莱使用“智能手机”，还能在不到 39天内提出“结型晶体管”的理论构造吗？
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1443016.html
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