[转载，光学，介质] 常见液体、固体和气体的折射率
The Engineering ToolBox (2008). Refractive Index common Liquids, Solids and Gases
https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/refractive-index-d_1264.html
以下对应英文的汉语，来自【机器翻译】。
Refractive Index common Liquids, Solids and Gases
Some common fluids and their refractive index.
常见液体、固体和气体的折射率
一些常见的流体及其折射率。
Refraction is an effect that occurs between transparent materials of different densities.
折射是不同密度的透明材料之间发生的一种效应。
The Refractive Index - n - of a medium is a measure for how much the velocity of light is reduced inside the medium. The velocity of light in a medium can be expressed as
介质的折射率-n-是衡量介质内光速降低多少的指标。光在介质中的速度可以表示为
v = c / n (1)
where 这里
v = velocity of light in the medium (m/s, ft/s) 介质中的光速
c = speed of light in air or vacuum - approximately 3 108 m/s (or 299792458 m/s) 空气或真空中的光速-约
n = refractive index 折射率
The index of refraction is defined as 折射率定义为
"the speed of light in vacuum divided by the speed of light in the medium".
“真空中的光速除以介质中的光速”。
Eq. 1 modified 方程式1已修改
n = c / v (2)
Index of Refraction for Vacuum 真空折射率
n = 1.00
Refractive Indices for some common Gases 几种常见气体的折射率
| Gas | Refractive Index - n - |
|---|---|
| Acetone | 1.001090 |
| Air (-15oC) | 1.00030942 |
| Air (0oC) | 1.00029238 |
| Air (15oC) | 1.00027712 |
| Air (30oC) | 1.00026337 |
| Air (60oC) | 1.00023958 |
| Alcohol, ethyl | 1.000878 |
| Alcohol, methyl | 1.000586 |
| Ammonia | 1.000376 |
| Argon | 1.000281 |
| Benzene | 1.001762 |
| Bromine | 1.001132 |
| Carbon dioxide | 1.000449 |
| Carbon disulphide | 1.001481 |
| Carbon monoxide | 1.000338 |
| Chlorine | 1.000773 |
| Chloroform | 1.001450 |
| Ether, ethyl | 1.001533 |
| Ether, methyl | 1.000891 |
| Helium | 1.000035 |
| Hydrochloric acid | 1.000447 |
| Hydrogen | 1.000132 |
| Methane | 1.000444 |
| Nitric oxide | 1.000297 |
| Nitrogen | 1.000298 |
| Nitrous oxide | 1.000516 |
| Oxygen | 1.000271 |
| Pentane | 1.000686 |
| Sulphur dioxide | 1.000686 |
| Water vapor | 1.000261 |
Index of Refraction for common Liquids 普通液体的折射率
| Fluid | Refractive Index - n - |
|---|---|
| Acetic Acid | 1.37 |
| Acetone | 1.36 |
| Alcohol, ethyl (ethanol) | 1.36 |
| Alcohol, methyl (methanol) | 1.33 |
| Alcohol, propyl | 1.38 |
| Aniline | 1.586 |
| Benzene | 1.501 |
| Benzyl benzoate | 1.568 |
| Carbon disulfide | 1.63 |
| Carbon tetrachloride | 1.46 |
| Chlorobenzene | 1.525 |
| Chloroform | 1.44 |
| Decane | 1.41 |
| Dodecane | 1.41 |
| Ether | 1.35 |
| Ethylene glycol | 1.43 |
| Ethyl salicylate | 1.523 |
| Ethyl cinnamate | 1.559 |
| Trichlorofluoromethane refrigerant R-11 | 1.37 |
| Dichlorodifluoromethanerefrigerant R-12 | 1.29 |
| Chlorodifluoromethane refrigerant R-22 | 1.26 |
| Furan | 1.47 |
| Glyserine (Glycerol) | 1.47 |
| Heptane | 1.38 |
| Hexane | 1.37 |
| Hydrogen liquid | 1.0974 |
| Methyl salicylate | 1.538 |
| Methylene iodine | 1.737 |
| Milk | 1.35 |
| Octane | 1.40 |
| Oil, cedar | 1.516 |
| Oil, vegetable 50oC | 1.47 |
| Oil, oiive | 1.46 |
| Oil, turpentine | 1.47 |
| Paraldehyde | 1.405 |
| Parafin, liquid | 1.48 |
| Propane | 1.34 |
| Propylene | 1.36 |
| Propylene glycol | 1.43 |
| Quinoline | 1.627 |
| Toluene | 1.497 |
| Turpentine (wood) | 1.47 |
| Water 0oC | 1.33346 |
| Water 20oC | 1.33283 |
| Water 100oC | 1.31766 |
Example - Speed of Light in Air
The speed of light in air can be calculated as
v = (299792458 m/s) / 1.000293
= 299704645 m/s
Example - Speed of Light in Water
The approximate speed of light in water can be calculated as
v = (3 108 m/s) / 1.33
= 2.26 108 m/s
Index of Refraction for some common Solids 几种常见固体的折射率
| Solid | Refractive Index - n - |
|---|---|
| Crown glass | 1.5 - 1.62 |
| Diamond | 2.417 |
| Flint glass | 1.57 - 1.75 |
| Ice | 1.31 |
| Plexiglas | 1.49 |
| Salt | 1.52 |
Example - Speed of Light in Glass
The approximate speed of light in glass can be calculated as
v = (3 108 m/s) / 1.6
= 1.88 108 m/s
Index of Refraction for some selected Polymers 某些选定聚合物的折射率
| Polymer | Refractive Index - n - |
|---|---|
| Acrylic | 1.48 - 1.50 |
| Celulose Acetat | 1.46 - 1.50 |
| Epoxy | 1.6 |
| HDPE | 1.5 |
| Polycarbonate | 1.59 |
| PTFE | 1.35 |
| Polyester | 1.50 - 1.58 |
| Polystyrene | 1.6 |
| Vinylidene chloride | 1.6 - 1.63 |
Related Topics
Properties of gases, fluids and solids. Densities, specific heats, viscosities and more.
Related Documents
Solar radiation absorbed by various materials.
Acetone - Thermophysical Properties
Chemical, physical and thermal properties of acetone, also called 2-propanone, dimethyl ketone and pyroacetic acid. Phase diagram included.
The electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths and frequencies.
Illuminance - Recommended Light Levels
Working activities and light levels - required illuminance.
Light sources and their color irradiation in degrees Kelvin.
The visible light produced by light sources.
Materials - Light Reflecting Factors
Light reflecting factor materials.
Geometric dilution of light vs. distance.
Physical constants - SI Units.
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