[小资料] 1906年德福雷斯特(Lee de Forest)申请的“真空三极管”专利（图片）
德福雷斯特： Lee de Forest, 1873-08-26 ~ 1961-06-30, 87
奥迪恩管： Audion, Audion vacuum tube
三极管： triode
阴极： cathode
灯丝： filament
阳极： anode
图1 德福雷斯特 Lee de Forest, 1873-08-26 ~ 1961-06-30， 87. 真空三极管发明人
一、德福雷斯特（Lee de Forest）真空三极管的图片
图2 第一个三极管，德福雷斯特三极管 Audion，发明于1906年
The first triode, the De Forest Audion, invented in 1906 1398112650.jpg
图3 De+Forest+Audion+Tube+-+Copy.jpg
http://arrl.org/images/view/News/De+Forest+Audion+Tube+-+Copy.JPG
图3-2 上图的中间部分
This particular Audion likely dates back to the early 1910s and appears to be a somewhat later version of the device that de Forest had submitted on his patent application a few years earlier.
这个特殊的Audion可能可以追溯到20世纪10年代初，似乎是de Forest几年前在专利申请中提交的设备的后期版本。
图4 DeForest-Single-Wing-Audion-c.1912-Tantalum-Filaments.jpg
http://www.moebius-bcn.com/lee-de-forest/
图5 DeForest-Single-Wing-Audion-c.1912-Tantalum-Filaments2.jpg
http://www.moebius-bcn.com/lee-de-forest/
二、1906年德福雷斯特(Lee de Forest)申请的“真空三极管”专利
德福雷斯特 1906-08-27 申请，1907-01-15 授权的“真空三极管”美国专利“WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY. 无线电报。”(U.S. Patent 0,841,386; APPLICATION FILED AUG. 27, 1906)。
图片形式如下：
Patent Public Search Basic (PPUBS Basic)
https://ppubs.uspto.gov/pubwebapp/static/pages/ppubsbasic.html
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Description
(1) To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, LEE DE FOREST, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of New York, in the-county of New York and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Wireless Telegraphy, of which the following is a specification.
(2) My invention relates to wireless telegraphy and more particularly to anl oscillationi-de- tector whiich, in addition to performing the usual functions of such detectors, may be used as a tuning device and as a t at ic val )e, and which has a variety of other uses.'
(3) I have discovered that if the gaseous me- diuin intervening between separated electrodes be put into a condition of )molecular activity, as by heating the ,same or other- wise, said1 medium becomes highly sensitive to electrical oscillations, as more fully set forth in miy application, Serial No. 243,913.
(4) ii have shown in my- appilicationi, Serial X:) 300,975, that the sensitiveness of an oscillation - dletectoir comprising electrodes separated by such sensitive gaseous medium may be varied by the action of a magnetic field.
(5) so that the response of said detector per se is a function of a characteristic, such as the frequency, of the electrical oscillations operating upon the samie. Thus, for certain frequencies a magnetic field of given strength will greatly'decrease the sensitiveness of thle detector and render it practically nonl-re- sponsive, while for other frequencies the same magnetic fieldl will greatly increase the sensitiveniess of the dtetector. In short, said detector per se mnay be made selectively responsive without hiaving~ recourse to tuned or resonant circuits, So that the .use of such circuits may be dispensed with and the detector -itself employed to perform the functions heretofore effected by said circuits.
(6) The subj ect-matter of the present invention is an oscillation*- detector which, like that aboi-e referred to, may be made selectively resIponsive to elc ctrical oscillations ha v- ing, a given frequency or electrical.-rate, of vibration but, which does not require a.
参考资料：
[1] 2023-08-31，德福雷斯特，L. /Lee De Forest/陈佳圭，中国大百科全书，第三版网络版[DB/OL]
https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=115905&Type=bkzyb&SubID=161979
1906年，德福雷斯特制成第一个真空三极管（奥迪恩管），1907年取得三极电子管的发明专利，
[2] Lee de Forest, American inventor, britannica
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lee-de-Forest
Invention of the Audion tube
A poor businessman and a poorer judge of men, de Forest was defrauded twice by his own business partners. By 1906 his first company was insolvent, and he had been squeezed out of its operation. But in 1907 he patented a much more promising detector (developed in 1906), which he called the Audion; it was capable of more sensitive reception of wireless signals than were the electrolytic and Carborundum types then in use. It was a thermionic grid-triode vacuum tube—a three-element electronic “valve” similar to a two-element device patented by the Englishman Sir John Ambrose Fleming in 1905. In 1907 de Forest was able to broadcast experimentally both speech and music to the general public in the New York City area.
[3] Lee De Forest - New World Encyclopedia, 2022-10-25
https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Lee_De_Forest
U.S. Patent 0841386 (PDF) "Wireless Telegraphy" (tunable vacuum tube detector - no grid), filed August 1906, issued January 1907
[4] 知乎，AIChips, CCF传播工委执委，CCF量子计算专业组执委，2022-02-27，电子管的发明
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/473107841
弗莱明的发明和爱迪生效应成为美国人李·德弗雷斯特发明的基础，他在1906年之前就开始研究爱迪生效应。他在热灯丝和金属丝之间放置了一个金属栅网，并发现从灯丝流向另一根金属丝的电流可以通过在金属栅网和灯丝之间施加一个小电压来进行调节。
弗莱明的发明和爱迪生效应成为美国人李·德弗雷斯特发明的基础，他在1906年之前就开始研究爱迪生效应。他在热灯丝和金属丝之间放置了一个金属栅网，并发现从灯丝流向另一根金属丝的电流可以通过在金属栅网和灯丝之间施加一个小电压来进行调节。
[5] 中国数字科技馆，2019-06-06，从电子管到集成电路的“芯”路历程
https://www.cdstm.cn/gallery/media/mkjx/qcyjswx_6431/202110/t20211025_1058079.html
1906年，美国从事无线电信号检波工作的德福雷斯特(Lee de Forest)发现，在二极管的负极和正极之间加入一个栅极后，电信号显著增强，于是第一只三极管诞生了。最初几年，人们只是把它作为灵敏的探测器和检波器，并不了解它还具有放大作用。事实上，三极管就是一个放大器。1919年，德国人朔特基(Walter H. Schottky)提出在栅极和正极之间加一个帘栅极的思想。1926年，英国人朗德(Henry J. Round)实现了朔特基的想法，发明了四极管。同年，荷兰的霍尔斯特(Gilles Holst)和泰勒根(Bernard D. H. Tellegen)发明了五极管。这些多极真空管统称电子管。
[6] The National Association for Amateur Radio, 2016-01-10, Rare de Forest Audion Donated to ARRL, Mated with Vintage Radio for Museum Display
[7] Moebius, 2012-06-30, Lee De Forest
http://www.moebius-bcn.com/lee-de-forest/
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