科学网-[科普，小资料] 黏菌（多头绒泡菌）优化设计交通网-杨正瓴的博文

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[科普，小资料] 黏菌（多头绒泡菌）优化设计交通网

2024-10-31 22:38

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[科普，小资料] 黏菌（多头绒泡菌）优化设计交通网

黏菌： slime mould

多头绒泡： Physarum polycephalum

交通网： transport network

2010年，日本北海道大学的科学家 Atsushi Tero 和同事在《科学》（Science）期刊上发表了一项研究，他们成功地用地燕麦片替代城市，在培养皿里让黏菌绘制了东京铁路系统的线路图。

Fig. 2 Comparison of the Physarum networks with the Tokyo rail network 327_439_f2.jpeg

图1 （原文的图2） Physarum网络与东京铁路网络的比较。

Fig. 2 Comparison of the Physarum networks with the Tokyo rail network. (A) In the absence of illumination, the Physarum network resulted from even exploration of the available space. (B) Geographical constraints were imposed on the developing Physarum network by means of an illumination mask to restrict growth to more shaded areas corresponding to low-altitude regions. The ocean and inland lakes were also given strong illumination to prevent growth. (C and D) The resulting network (C) was compared with the rail network in the Tokyo area (D). (E and F) The minimum spanning tree (MST) connecting the same set of city nodes (E) and a model network constructed by adding additional links to the MST (F).

https://www.science.org/cms/10.1126/science.1177894/asset/4eec0d3c-da25-457c-ac3d-33507cacba7b/assets/graphic/327_439_f2.jpeg

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1177894

https://www.kepuchina.cn/article/articleinfo?business_type=100&classify=0&ar_id=539330

让人惊掉大牙的是，黏菌绘制出的东京铁路系统，和人类百年来勤勤恳恳地通过反复试错修建出来的铁路网几乎一摸一样。

黏菌用短短几天时间和一些燕麦片设计的≈人类花了100年和大量金钱设计的

从那时起，许多做交通运输网优化研究的科学家就开始应用黏菌来设计交通网。

用黏菌来帮人类规划空间设计有不少好处，比如速度快、成本低、操作方便。黏菌平均每小时向外生长1厘米。只需要几天，它们就可以解决人类要花几年甚至数十年才能通过实践，或者借助超级计算机才能找到的优化方案。

https://www.kepuchina.cn/article/articleinfo?business_type=100&classify=0&ar_id=539330

参考资料：

[1] 2023-01-10，黏菌/slime mould/李玉撰，陈双林修订，中国大百科全书，第三版网络版[DB/OL]

https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=120104&Type=bkzyb&SubID=238538

一类原始真核生物。

[2] 科普中国，2024-10-30，这种新潮“宠物”，竟解决了人类花百年规划设计的铁路网！

https://www.kepuchina.cn/article/articleinfo?business_type=100&classify=0&ar_id=539330

[3] Atsushi Tero, Seiji Takagi, Tetsu Saigusa, Kentaro Ito, Dan P. Bebber, Mark D. Fricker, Kenji Yumiki, Ryo Kobayashi, Toshiyuki Nakagaki. Rules for biologically inspired adaptive network design [J]. Science, 2010, 327(5964): 439-442.

doi: 10.1126/science.1177894

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1177894

https://www.science.org/doi/epdf/10.1126/science.1177894

[4] Andrew Adamatzky, Ramon Alonso-Sanz. Rebuilding Iberian motorways with slime mould [J]. BioSystems, 2011, 105(1): 89-100.

doi: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2011.03.007

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0303264711000608

[5] 《植物保护学报》官方微平台，2020-07-24，TA被称为世界上最神秘的生物之一，不仅拥有上百种性别，还擅长找路和“画画”

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIwNTIyNTY5Mg==&mid=2247527207&idx=1&sn=8367f71a25738549f1d24447c1eb6279&chksm=97360094a04189822a269b267ede7e58d3c5e18e700a63849d3b71139d7484a88aab1215b769&scene=27