科学网-[打听] W玻色子质量，又与标准模型预测一致了？（关联“经典电磁学的实验再检验”）-杨正瓴的博文

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[打听] W玻色子质量，又与标准模型预测一致了？（关联“经典电磁学的实验再检验”）

2024-4-15 22:34

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[打听] W玻色子质量，又与标准模型预测一致了？ （关联“经典电磁学的实验再检验”）

一、W玻色子质量：2022、2024的两个报道

1.1 2022年美国费米国家加速器实验室对撞机探测器（CDF）：80433 ± 9MeV/c2

http://digitalpaper.stdaily.com/http_www.kjrb.com/kjrb/html/2022-04/08/content_533314.htm?div=-1

https://news.sciencenet.cn/sbhtmlnews/2022/4/368925.shtm

2022-04-07 美国能源部费米国家加速器实验室对撞机探测器（CDF）合作项目的科学家宣布：

他们实现了迄今为止对W玻色子质量的最精确测量，W玻色子是自然界的载力粒子之一。利用费米实验室CDF收集的数据，科学家们现在已经以0.01%的精度确定了粒子的质量，这是以前最佳测量值的两倍。

最新质量测量的中心值和不确定度为 80433 ± 9 MeV/c²。

2022-04-07 w-boson-comparisons.jpeg

图1 The mass of a W boson is about 80 times the mass of a proton, or approximately 80,000 MeV/c². Scientists of the Collider Detector at Fermilab collaboration have achieved the world’s most precise measurement. The CDF value has a precision of 0.01 percent and is in agreement with many W boson mass measurements. It shows tension with the value expected based on the Standard Model of particle physics. The horizontal bars indicate the uncertainty of the measurements achieved by various experiments. The LHCb result was published after this paper was submitted and is 80354+- 32 MeV/c². Image: CDF collaboration

https://news.fnal.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/w-boson-comparisons.jpeg

https://news.fnal.gov/2022/04/cdf-collaboration-at-fermilab-announces-most-precise-ever-measurement-of-w-boson-mass/

The mass of a W boson is about 80 times the mass of a proton, or approximately 80,000 MeV/c². CDF researchers have worked on achieving increasingly more precise measurements of the W boson mass for more than 20 years. The central value and uncertainty of their latest mass measurement is 80,433 +/- 9 MeV/c². This result uses the entire dataset collected from the Tevatron collider at Fermilab. It is based on the observation of 4.2 million W boson candidates, about four times the number used in the analysis the collaboration published in 2012.

【机器翻译】W玻色子的质量约为质子质量的80倍，或约为80000MeV/c²。20多年来，CDF的研究人员一直致力于实现对W玻色子质量越来越精确的测量。他们最新质量测量的中心值和不确定度为80433+/-9 MeV/c²。这一结果使用了从费米实验室的Tevatron对撞机收集的整个数据集。它是基于对420万W玻色子候选者的观测，大约是2012年合作发表的分析中使用的数量的四倍。

1.2 2024年欧洲核子研究中心（CERN）：80367±16MeV

http://digitalpaper.stdaily.com/http_www.kjrb.com/kjrb/html/2024-04/12/node_5.htm

https://home.cern/news/news/physics/atlas-provides-first-measurement-w-boson-width-lhc

https://news.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2024/4/520707.shtm

2024-04-10 欧洲核子研究中心（CERN）官网报道，该机构超环面仪器实验（ATLAS）合作组首次在大型强子对撞机（LHC）上，W玻色子质量最新测量值为80367±16 MeV，与标准模型预测一致。

2024-04-10 fig_15a.png

图2 Comparison of the measured W-boson width with the Standard-Model prediction and with measurements from the LEP and Tevatron colliders. The vertical grey band illustrates the Standard-Model prediction, while the black dots and the associated horizontal bands represent the published experimental results. (Image: ATLAS/CERN)

https://home.cern/sites/default/files/inline-images/abelchio/fig_15a.png

https://home.cern/news/news/physics/atlas-provides-first-measurement-w-boson-width-lhc

The ATLAS collaboration measured the W-boson width simultaneously with the W-boson mass using a statistical method that allowed part of the parameters quantifying uncertainties to be directly constrained from the measured data, thus improving the measurement’s precision. The updated measurement of the W-boson mass is 80367 ± 16 MeV, which improves on and supersedes the previous ATLAS measurement using the same dataset. The measured values of both the mass and the width are consistent with the Standard-Model predictions.

【机器翻译】ATLAS的合作使用统计方法同时测量了W玻色子宽度和W玻色子质量，该方法允许量化不确定性的部分参数直接从测量数据中约束出来，从而提高了测量的精度。W玻色子质量的更新测量值为80367±16 MeV，这改进并取代了使用相同数据集的先前ATLAS测量值。质量和宽度的测量值与标准模型预测一致。

二、不明白是怎么回事。哪位专家愿意给讲解一下？

2002-04，好像有不少人在热议此事。

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1335932.html

例如：科学网，2022-04-11，精度达前所未有的0.01% W玻色子质量：新物理隐藏在精确测量中

https://news.sciencenet.cn/sbhtmlnews/2022/4/368925.shtm

三、[再次呼吁] 经典电磁理论的当代实验再检验

假如“W玻色子质量”在当前的实验检测还有一定的差异，那么100多年之前的经典电磁实验呢？下面是花费应该很少的实体物理判定实验的建议。

3.1 坡印廷矢量（Poynting vector）

https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=141060&Type=bkzyb&SubID=61956

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1407363.html

2023-10-26，我亲自用实体物理实验基本否证了费曼电容器充电”理论解释。

在 100 Hz ~ 10 kHz 的频率范围内，未见到电磁屏蔽对电容器电压波形的显著影响。

樊京（教授，博士后）2018-09-01 18:33 也说：

屏蔽后的电阻发热应该会有所下降" 这个实验我做过，对电阻一点儿影响没有。

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=409373

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1429437.html

3.2 光子劈半

2023-08-01，光子/photon/裴寿镛、吴令安，中国大百科全书，第三版网络版[DB/OL]

https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=215506&Type=bkzyb&SubID=146659

这个实验中，光子是一个一个相继入射到BS1，因此是光子自己和自己干涉。

对于光子的更进一步的认识尚在进行中。

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1419489.html

利用半反半透镜、气体、液体（如纯水）或固体的折射和反射，可以检测光子是否一定为“整体”。除了单光子检测外，利用光电效应产生的电子，也可以实现判定。

3.3 电磁波的刚性

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1397135.html

电磁波对物体产生光压时，物体会不会对电磁波产生某些反作用？假设存在这些反作用，则可能会引起电磁波的刚性。

参考资料：

[1] 刘霞. W玻色子宽度获迄今最精确测量结果与粒子物理学标准模型预测值吻合[N]. 科技日报，2024-04-12 第04版：国际

http://digitalpaper.stdaily.com/http_www.kjrb.com/kjrb/html/2024-04/12/node_5.htm

[2] 张梦然. W玻色子质量迄今最精确测量完成比标准模型预测值高七个标准差[N]. 科技日报，2022-04-08 第04版：国际

http://digitalpaper.stdaily.com/http_www.kjrb.com/kjrb/html/2022-04/08/content_533314.htm?div=-1

[3] CERN, ATLAS collaboration, 2024-04-12, ATLAS provides first measurement of the W-boson width at the LHC, The measurement is the most precise yet made by a single experiment

https://home.cern/news/news/physics/atlas-provides-first-measurement-w-boson-width-lhc

The ATLAS collaboration measured the W-boson width simultaneously with the W-boson mass using a statistical method that allowed part of the parameters quantifying uncertainties to be directly constrained from the measured data, thus improving the measurement’s precision. The updated measurement of the W-boson mass is 80367 ± 16 MeV, which improves on and supersedes the previous ATLAS measurement using the same dataset. The measured values of both the mass and the width are consistent with the Standard-Model predictions.

【机器翻译】ATLAS的合作使用统计方法同时测量了W玻色子宽度和W玻色子质量，该方法允许量化不确定性的部分参数直接从测量数据中约束出来，从而提高了测量的精度。W玻色子质量的更新测量值为80367±16 MeV，这改进并取代了使用相同数据集的先前ATLAS测量值。质量和宽度的测量值与标准模型预测一致。

[4] Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, 2022-04-07, CDF collaboration at Fermilab announces most precise ever measurement of W boson mass to be in tension with the Standard Model

https://news.fnal.gov/2022/04/cdf-collaboration-at-fermilab-announces-most-precise-ever-measurement-of-w-boson-mass/

The mass of a W boson is about 80 times the mass of a proton, or approximately 80,000 MeV/c2. CDF researchers have worked on achieving increasingly more precise measurements of the W boson mass for more than 20 years. The central value and uncertainty of their latest mass measurement is 80,433 +/- 9 MeV/c2. This result uses the entire dataset collected from the Tevatron collider at Fermilab. It is based on the observation of 4.2 million W boson candidates, about four times the number used in the analysis the collaboration published in 2012.

【机器翻译】W玻色子的质量约为质子质量的80倍，或约为80000MeV/c²。20多年来，CDF的研究人员一直致力于实现对W玻色子质量越来越精确的测量。他们最新质量测量的中心值和不确定度为80433+/-9 MeV/c²。这一结果使用了从费米实验室的Tevatron对撞机收集的整个数据集。它是基于对420万W玻色子候选者的观测，大约是2012年合作发表的分析中使用的数量的四倍。

[5] 科学网，2022-04-11，精度达前所未有的0.01% W玻色子质量：新物理隐藏在精确测量中

https://news.sciencenet.cn/sbhtmlnews/2022/4/368925.shtm

未来，CEPC与欧洲核子中心未来环形对撞机的项目，均计划在91GeV的对撞能量（Z pole）以及W玻色子对的质量阈值附近取数，用于电弱物理的精确测量，将大大改进W玻色子质量测量精度。

相关论文信息：https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abk1781

《中国科学报》 (2022-04-11 第1版要闻)

[6] 2022-01-20，单光子探测器/single-photon detector/胡小龙，中国大百科全书，第三版网络版[DB/OL]

https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=71114&Type=bkzyb&SubID=64223

[7] 2022-01-20，单光子检测/single photon detection/郑立荣，周小林，中国大百科全书，第三版网络版[DB/OL]

https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=89909&Type=bkzyb&SubID=64130

[8] 2022-10-23，单光子探测器/single-photon detector/吴令安，中国大百科全书，第三版网络版[DB/OL]

https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=220252&Type=bkzyb&SubID=95669

[9] 2022-01-20，单光子计量技术/single photon metrology technique/甘海勇，中国大百科全书，第三版网络版[DB/OL]