小柯机器人

西北工业大学蔡晶等研究人员合作揭示三种主要葱属作物的染色体级基因组及其性状演变。2023年11月6日，《自然—遗传学》杂志在线发表了这项成果。

研究人员报告了三种主要葱属作物（威尔士洋葱、大蒜和洋葱）的高质量染色体组水平基因组组装，其大小分别为11.17Gb、15.52Gb和15.78Gb，最高记录的等位基因N50分别为507.27Mb、109.82Mb和81.66Mb。除了揭示葱属物种的基因组演化过程外，病原体感染实验以及代谢组和基因组比较分析表明，编码参与葱属特异性风味化合物代谢途径酶的基因可能是由一种古老的、未定性的植物防御系统演化而来，该系统广泛存在于许多植物品系中，但在葱属植物中被广泛强化。

通过原位杂交和空间RNA测序，研究人员获得了洋葱鳞茎形成过程中与海绵状中叶细胞扩张相关的细胞类型分类和基因表达变化概况，从而指出了鳞茎形成基因的功能作用。

据了解，由于缺乏高质量的参考基因组，葱属作物育种仍然严重受阻。

附：英文原文

Title: Chromosome-level genomes of three key Allium crops and their trait evolution

Author: Hao, Fei, Liu, Xue, Zhou, Botong, Tian, Zunzhe, Zhou, Lina, Zong, Hang, Qi, Jiyan, He, Juan, Zhang, Yongting, Zeng, Peng, Li, Qiong, Wang, Kai, Xia, Keke, Guo, Xing, Li, Li, Shao, Wenwen, Zhang, Bohan, Li, Shengkang, Yang, Haifeng, Hui, Linchong, Chen, Wei, Peng, Lixin, Liu, Feipeng, Rong, Zi-Qiang, Peng, Yingmei, Zhu, Wenbo, McCallum, John A., Li, Zhen, Xu, Xun, Yang, Hui, Macknight, Richard C., Wang, Wen, Cai, Jing

Issue&Volume: 2023-11-06

Abstract: Allium crop breeding remains severely hindered due to the lack of high-quality reference genomes. Here we report high-quality chromosome-level genome assemblies for three key Allium crops (Welsh onion, garlic and onion), which are 11.17 Gb, 15.52 Gb and 15.78 Gb in size with the highest recorded contig N50 of 507.27 Mb, 109.82 Mb and 81.66 Mb, respectively. Beyond revealing the genome evolutionary process of Allium species, our pathogen infection experiments and comparative metabolomic and genomic analyses showed that genes encoding enzymes involved in the metabolic pathway of Allium-specific flavor compounds may have evolved from an ancient uncharacterized plant defense system widely existing in many plant lineages but extensively boosted in alliums. Using in situ hybridization and spatial RNA sequencing, we obtained an overview of cell-type categorization and gene expression changes associated with spongy mesophyll cell expansion during onion bulb formation, thus indicating the functional roles of bulb formation genes. Chromosome-level genome assemblies of three Allium crops (onion, garlic and Welsh onion) and spatial RNA sequencing provide insights into Allium trait evolution and gene expression patterns during onion bulb formation.

DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01546-0

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-023-01546-0

Nature Genetics：《自然—遗传学》，创刊于1992年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：41.307
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