小柯机器人

美国哈佛大学Bence P. Ölveczky研究组揭示区分感觉运动纹状体对自动运动序列和视觉引导运动序列的贡献。2023年9月4日，国际知名学术期刊《自然—神经科学》在线发表了这一成果。

研究人员对大鼠进行了分析，以训练其在线索的指示下执行相同的运动序列，以及在自我启动的过度训练或“自动”条件下执行相同的运动序列。对感觉运动纹状体的神经记录显示，运动代码与执行模式无关。虽然病变降低了运动速度，并对详细的运动学产生了类似的影响，但它们破坏了自动行为而非视觉引导行为的高级序列结构。

这些结果表明，基底神经节对于根据连续运动学定义的“自动”运动技能是必不可少的，但对于由感觉引导的离散运动序列则是可有可无的。

据悉，根据新的任务需求对动作进行排序的能力可以实现丰富的自适应行为。然而，这种灵活性的计算成本很高，可能会导致行为停滞不前。反复练习相同的运动序列可以使其执行精确、快速且毫不费力，即“自动”。基底神经节被认为是这两种序列执行的基础，但它们的贡献是否不同以及如何不同尚不清楚。

附：英文原文

Title: Dissociating the contributions of sensorimotor striatum to automatic and visually guided motor sequences

Author: Mizes, Kevin G. C., Lindsey, Jack, Escola, G. Sean, lveczky, Bence P.

Issue&Volume: 2023-09-04

Abstract: The ability to sequence movements in response to new task demands enables rich and adaptive behavior. However, such flexibility is computationally costly and can result in halting performances. Practicing the same motor sequence repeatedly can render its execution precise, fast and effortless, that is, ‘automatic’. The basal ganglia are thought to underlie both types of sequence execution, yet whether and how their contributions differ is unclear. We parse this in rats trained to perform the same motor sequence instructed by cues and in a self-initiated overtrained, or ‘automatic,’ condition. Neural recordings in the sensorimotor striatum revealed a kinematic code independent of the execution mode. Although lesions reduced the movement speed and affected detailed kinematics similarly, they disrupted high-level sequence structure for automatic, but not visually guided, behaviors. These results suggest that the basal ganglia are essential for ‘automatic’ motor skills that are defined in terms of continuous kinematics, but can be dispensable for discrete motor sequences guided by sensory cuess.

DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01431-3

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-023-01431-3

Nature Neuroscience：《自然—神经科学》，创刊于1998年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：28.771
官方网址：https://www.nature.com/neuro/
投稿链接：https://mts-nn.nature.com/cgi-bin/main.plex