小柯机器人

美国哈佛大学Paola Arlotta、德国马克斯·普朗克精神病学研究所Michael J. Ziller等研究人员合作发现，时间上不同的调节机制控制小鼠和狨猴新皮层的神经元多样化和成熟。该研究成果于2022年8月1日在线发表在《自然—神经科学》杂志上。

研究人员提出了对小鼠和狨猴单个皮质神经元类别的综合单细胞表观基因组和转录分析，横跨有丝分裂后的早期身份获得阶段和后期的神经元可塑性和回路整合阶段。研究人员发现，在这两个物种中，控制泛神经元发育早期和晚期阶段的调控策略存在分歧。早期有丝分裂后的神经元使用更广泛共享和进化上保守的分子调控程序。相比之下，在后期神经元成熟过程中活跃的程序更具有大脑和神经元的特异性，并在进化上有更大的分歧。这项工作发现了小鼠和狨猴在神经元多样化和成熟过程中调控选择的时间变化，这可能反映了对新皮层中神经元发育不同事件的独特进化限制。

据介绍，哺乳动物的新皮层神经元是所有组织中细胞类型最多样化的一个。皮层神经元在胚胎发育过程中诞生，其成熟过程一直延续到出生后。渐进式神经元发育和成熟的调节策略仍不清楚。

附：英文原文

Title: Temporally divergent regulatory mechanisms govern neuronal diversification and maturation in the mouse and marmoset neocortex

Author: Yuan, Wen, Ma, Sai, Brown, Juliana R., Kim, Kwanho, Murek, Vanessa, Trastulla, Lucia, Meissner, Alexander, Lodato, Simona, Shetty, Ashwin S., Levin, Joshua Z., Buenrostro, Jason D., Ziller, Michael J., Arlotta, Paola

Issue&Volume: 2022-08-01

Abstract: Mammalian neocortical neurons span one of the most diverse cell type spectra of any tissue. Cortical neurons are born during embryonic development, and their maturation extends into postnatal life. The regulatory strategies underlying progressive neuronal development and maturation remain unclear. Here we present an integrated single-cell epigenomic and transcriptional analysis of individual mouse and marmoset cortical neuron classes, spanning both early postmitotic stages of identity acquisition and later stages of neuronal plasticity and circuit integration. We found that, in both species, the regulatory strategies controlling early and late stages of pan-neuronal development diverge. Early postmitotic neurons use more widely shared and evolutionarily conserved molecular regulatory programs. In contrast, programs active during later neuronal maturation are more brain- and neuron-specific and more evolutionarily divergent. Our work uncovers a temporal shift in regulatory choices during neuronal diversification and maturation in both mice and marmosets, which likely reflects unique evolutionary constraints on distinct events of neuronal development in the neocortex. The mechanisms underlying neuron specification and maturation are unclear. Here the authors provide an integrated epigenomic and transcriptomic analysis of mouse and marmoset neocortical neuronal classes. Pan-neuronal programs active during early development are more evolutionary conserved but not neuron-specific, whereas pan-neuronal programs active during later stages of maturation are more neuron- and species-specific.

DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01123-4

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-022-01123-4

Nature Neuroscience：《自然—神经科学》，创刊于1998年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：28.771
官方网址：https://www.nature.com/neuro/
投稿链接：https://mts-nn.nature.com/cgi-bin/main.plex