小柯机器人

美国西达赛奈医疗中心 Stephen L. Shiao小组的最新研究表明共生细菌和真菌差异调节肿瘤对放射治疗的反应性。相关论文发表在2021年7月29日出版的《癌细胞》杂志上。

在本研究中，研究人员发现肠道真菌在乳腺癌和黑色素瘤小鼠模型中调节放疗后的抗肿瘤免疫反应，并且真菌和细菌在这些反应过程中发挥相反的功能。抗生素介导的真菌杀伤或gnotobiotic排斥增强了对放疗的反应性，而抗生素导致的细菌杀伤会降低放疗的反应性，这与共生真菌的过度生长有关。

此外，肿瘤细胞内dectin-1（真菌主要的先天免疫受体）的表达升高与乳腺癌患者的存活率呈负相关，并且dectin-1是共生真菌在放疗小鼠模型中发挥作用所必需的。

据悉，已有研究表明癌症化疗和免疫疗法的疗效受肠道菌群的影响。然而，微生物组对放射治疗效果具体的影响还不是很清楚，并且微生物组不仅仅包括细菌。

附：英文原文

Title: Commensal bacteria and fungi differentially regulate tumor responses to radiation therapy

Author: Stephen L. Shiao, Kathleen M. Kershaw, Jose J. Limon, Sungyong You, Junhee Yoon, Emily Y. Ko, Jlenia Guarnerio, Alka A. Potdar, Dermot P.B. McGovern, Shikha Bose, Tahir B. Dar, Paul Noe, Jung Lee, Yuzu Kubota, Viviana I. Maymi, Madison J. Davis, Regina M. Henson, Rachel Y. Choi, Wensha Yang, Jie Tang, Matthew Gargus, Alexander D. Prince, Zachary S. Zumsteg, David M. Underhill

Issue&Volume: 2021-07-29

Abstract: Studies suggest that the efficacy of cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy is influencedby intestinal bacteria. However, the influence of the microbiome on radiation therapyis not as well understood, and the microbiome comprises more than bacteria. Here,we find that intestinal fungi regulate antitumor immune responses following radiationin mouse models of breast cancer and melanoma and that fungi and bacteria have oppositeinfluences on these responses. Antibiotic-mediated depletion or gnotobiotic exclusionof fungi enhances responsiveness to radiation, whereas antibiotic-mediated depletionof bacteria reduces responsiveness and is associated with overgrowth of commensalfungi. Further, elevated intratumoral expression of Dectin-1, a primary innate sensorof fungi, is negatively associated with survival in patients with breast cancer andis required for the effects of commensal fungi in mouse models of radiation therapy.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.07.002

Source: https://www.cell.com/cancer-cell/fulltext/S1535-6108(21)00379-2

Cancer Cell：《癌细胞》，创刊于2002年。隶属于细胞出版社，最新IF：38.585
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