小柯机器人

近日，德国哥廷根大学Silvio O. Rizzoli及其课题组揭示突触后树突棘的结构和生化特征。2021年6月24日，《自然—神经科学》杂志在线发表了这项成果。

研究人员表示，树突棘是兴奋性神经传递的突触后区室，具有不同的形状，从“粗短”到“蘑菇状”。蘑菇棘对成人大脑功能至关重要，而粗短棘会在大脑成熟过程中消失。目前尚不清楚它们在蛋白质组成上是否以及如何不同。

为了解决这个问题，研究人员将电子显微镜和定量生物化学与超分辨率显微镜相结合，为100多个突触靶标注释了47,000多个棘。令人惊讶的是，蘑菇棘和粗短棘具有相似的平均蛋白质拷贝数和拓扑结构。然而，对每种蛋白质与突触后密度质量（用作突触强度的标志）的相关性分析显示，蘑菇棘的结果明显更显著。分泌和运输蛋白与粗短棘强度的相关性特别差。

这表明，与蘑菇棘相比，粗短棘不太可能对突触传递的动态变化做出充分的反应，这可能解释了它们在大脑成熟过程中的丢失。

附：英文原文

Title: A large-scale nanoscopy and biochemistry analysis of postsynaptic dendritic spines

Author: Martin S. Helm, Tal M. Dankovich, Sunit Mandad, Burkhard Rammner, Sebastian Jhne, Vanessa Salimi, Christina Koerbs, Richard Leibrandt, Henning Urlaub, Thomas Schikorski, Silvio O. Rizzoli

Issue&Volume: 2021-06-24

Abstract: Dendritic spines, the postsynaptic compartments of excitatory neurotransmission, have different shapes classified from ‘stubby’ to ‘mushroom-like’. Whereas mushroom spines are essential for adult brain function, stubby spines disappear during brain maturation. It is still unclear whether and how they differ in protein composition. To address this, we combined electron microscopy and quantitative biochemistry with super-resolution microscopy to annotate more than 47,000 spines for more than 100 synaptic targets. Surprisingly, mushroom and stubby spines have similar average protein copy numbers and topologies. However, an analysis of the correlation of each protein to the postsynaptic density mass, used as a marker of synaptic strength, showed substantially more significant results for the mushroom spines. Secretion and trafficking proteins correlated particularly poorly to the strength of stubby spines. This suggests that stubby spines are less likely to adequately respond to dynamic changes in synaptic transmission than mushroom spines, which possibly explains their loss during brain maturation.

DOI: 10.1038/s41593-021-00874-w

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-021-00874-w

Nature Neuroscience：《自然—神经科学》，创刊于1998年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：28.771
官方网址：https://www.nature.com/neuro/
投稿链接：https://mts-nn.nature.com/cgi-bin/main.plex