美国爱荷华大学Wei Bao团队分析了2011-18年美国成年人中按种族或族裔划分的肥胖率和肥胖趋势。2021年3月16日，该研究发表在《英国医学杂志》上。
为了探讨2011-2018年美国成年人肥胖和肥胖指标（包括体重指数、腰围、体脂百分比和瘦体重）的种族或种族趋势，研究组根据2011-18年全国健康和营养检查调查（NHANES）进行了一项以人群为基础的研究，参与者为具有全国代表性的20岁及以上的美国成年人样本。
年龄在20岁及以上的成年人的体重、身高和腰围由经过培训的技术人员使用标准化方案进行测量。肥胖的定义为：非亚裔体重指数为30或更高，亚裔体重指数为27.5或更高。腹型肥胖的定义为男性腰围大于等于102厘米，女性腰围大于等于88厘米。采用双能X线吸收法测定20～59岁成人的体脂率和瘦体重。
该研究从NHANES 2011-18中招募了21399名成人，共测量了21093名成人的体重指数、20080名成人的腰围和10864名成人的体脂百分比。在总体人群中，经年龄校正的一般性肥胖患病率从2011-2012年的35.4%上升至2017-2018年的43.4%，腹型肥胖患病率从2011-12年的54.5%上升至2017-18年的59.1%，差异均显著。
经年龄校正后的平均体重指数从2011-12年的28.7增加到2017-18年的29.8，平均腰围从2011-12年的98.4厘米增加到2017-18年的100.5厘米，差异均显著。西班牙裔、非西班牙裔白人和非西班牙裔亚裔组的体重指数和腰围显著增加，但非西班牙裔黑人组增加不显著。
非西班牙裔亚裔的体脂百分比显著增加，从2011-2012年的30.6%增加至2017-2018年的32.7%，但在其他种族或族裔群体中没有增加。非西班牙裔黑人组经年龄校正后的平均瘦体重显著下降，非西班牙裔亚裔组则显著增加，但在其他种族或族裔组中未发现统计学上的显著变化。
总之，在美国成年人中，2011-2018年肥胖率和肥胖指标呈上升趋势，尽管种族或族裔群体之间存在差异。
附：英文原文
Title: Trends in obesity and adiposity measures by race or ethnicity among adults in the United States 2011-18: population based study
Author: Buyun Liu, Yang Du, Yuxiao Wu, Linda G Snetselaar, Robert B Wallace, Wei Bao
Issue&Volume: 2021/03/16
Abstract:
Objective To examine the trends in obesity and adiposity measures, including body mass index, waist circumference, body fat percentage, and lean mass, by race or ethnicity among adults in the United States from 2011 to 2018.
Design Population based study.
Setting National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2011-18.
Participants A nationally representative sample of US adults aged 20 years or older.
Main outcome measures Weight, height, and waist circumference among adults aged 20 years or older were measured by trained technicians using standardized protocols. Obesity was defined as body mass index of 30 or higher for non-Asians and 27.5 or higher for Asians. Abdominal obesity was defined as a waist circumference of 102 cm or larger for men and 88 cm or larger for women. Body fat percentage and lean mass were measured among adults aged 20-59 years by using dual energy x ray absorptiometry.
Results This study included 21399 adults from NHANES 2011-18. Body mass index was measured for 21093 adults, waist circumference for 20080 adults, and body fat percentage for 10864 adults. For the overall population, age adjusted prevalence of general obesity increased from 35.4% (95% confidence interval 32.5% to 38.3%) in 2011-12 to 43.4% (39.8% to 47.0%) in 2017-18 (P for trend<0.001), and age adjusted prevalence of abdominal obesity increased from 54.5% (51.2% to 57.8%) in 2011-12 to 59.1% (55.6% to 62.7%) in 2017-18 (P for trend=0.02). Age adjusted mean body mass index increased from 28.7 (28.2 to 29.1) in 2011-12 to 29.8 (29.2 to 30.4) in 2017-18 (P for trend=0.001), and age adjusted mean waist circumference increased from 98.4 cm (97.4 to 99.5 cm) in 2011-12 to 100.5 cm (98.9 to 102.1 cm) in 2017-18 (P for trend=0.01). Significant increases were observed in body mass index and waist circumference among the Hispanic, non-Hispanic white, and non-Hispanic Asian groups (all P for trend<0.05), but not for the non-Hispanic black group. For body fat percentage, a significant increase was observed among non-Hispanic Asians (30.6%, 29.8% to 31.4% in 2011-12; 32.7%, 32.0% to 33.4% in 2017-18; P for trend=0.001), but not among other racial or ethnic groups. The age adjusted mean lean mass decreased in the non-Hispanic black group and increased in the non-Hispanic Asian group, but no statistically significant changes were found in other racial or ethnic groups.
Conclusions Among US adults, an increasing trend was found in obesity and adiposity measures from 2011 to 2018, although disparities exist among racial or ethnic groups.
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n365
Source: https://www.bmj.com/content/372/bmj.n365
BMJ-British Medical Journal:《英国医学杂志》，创刊于1840年。隶属于BMJ出版集团，最新IF：93.333
官方网址：http://www.bmj.com/
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本期文章：《英国医学杂志》：Online/在线发表
