小柯机器人

美国纽约大学György Buzsáki小组在研究中取得进展。他们的最新研究发现了新皮层中休眠状态活跃的ID2/Nkx2.1中间神经元。该研究成果发表在2021年2月22日出版的国际学术期刊《自然-神经科学》上。

与熟知的映射规则相反，研究人员在小鼠和大鼠中发现了一种独特的神经元类型，其峰值活动与所有脑状态中的主要细胞和中间神经元呈反相关，但最普遍的是在非REM（NREM）休眠时处于下行状态。研究人员确定了这些下行状态活跃（DSA）的神经元是深层新皮层神经胶质细胞，其表达ID2和Nkx2.1并对神经元一氧化氮合酶免疫反应不敏感。DSA神经元被深层锥体细胞微弱激发，并被其他几种GABA能细胞强烈抑制。

DSA神经元的尖峰会改变其他神经元在下行-上行过渡时的触发顺序。NREM休眠（而非活跃时）在顶叶后皮质的ID2⁺ Nkx2.1⁺中间神经元的光遗传学激活会干扰识别记忆的巩固。尽管DSA神经元数量很少但其仍执行关键的生理功能。

据悉，锥体细胞和GABA能神经元在平衡的皮质网络中协同映射。

附：英文原文

Title: Sleep down state-active ID2/Nkx2.1 interneurons in the neocortex

Author: Manuel Valero, Tim J. Viney, Robert Machold, Sara Mederos, Ipshita Zutshi, Benjamin Schuman, Yuta Senzai, Bernardo Rudy, Gyrgy Buzski

Issue&Volume: 2021-02-22

Abstract: Pyramidal cells and GABAergic interneurons fire together in balanced cortical networks. In contrast to this general rule, we describe a distinct neuron type in mice and rats whose spiking activity is anti-correlated with all principal cells and interneurons in all brain states but, most prevalently, during the down state of non-REM (NREM) sleep. We identify these down state-active (DSA) neurons as deep-layer neocortical neurogliaform cells that express ID2 and Nkx2.1 and are weakly immunoreactive to neuronal nitric oxide synthase. DSA neurons are weakly excited by deep-layer pyramidal cells and strongly inhibited by several other GABAergic cell types. Spiking of DSA neurons modified the sequential firing order of other neurons at down–up transitions. Optogenetic activation of ID2+Nkx2.1+ interneurons in the posterior parietal cortex during NREM sleep, but not during waking, interfered with consolidation of cue discrimination memory. Despite their sparsity, DSA neurons perform critical physiological functions.

DOI: 10.1038/s41593-021-00797-6

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-021-00797-6

Nature Neuroscience：《自然—神经科学》，创刊于1998年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：28.771
官方网址：https://www.nature.com/neuro/
投稿链接：https://mts-nn.nature.com/cgi-bin/main.plex