小柯机器人

感觉皮层动力学特征研究
2020-08-11 18:53

英国剑桥大学Rodrigo Echeveste研究团队近日取得一项新成果。他们检测了针对基于采样的概率推理进行优化的循环回路中类皮质动力学。相关论文于2020年8月10日发表于《自然-神经科学》。

他们通过训练视觉皮质超柱的循环兴奋性-抑制性神经回路模型来进行基于采样的概率推断,从而开发出针对这些现象的统一模型。经过优化的网络显示了几个关键的生物学特性,包括分裂归一化和刺激调制的噪声可变性,刺激开始时抑制为主的瞬变以及强烈的伽马振荡。这些动力学特征在加快推理速度和做出预测方面具有独特的功能,他们在对清醒猴子的录音进行再分析后证实了这一预测。

他们的结果表明,皮质动力学的基本图案是有效执行相同计算功能的结果(基于快速采样的推断),并预测了这些图案的进一步特性,可以在未来的实验中进行测试。

据介绍,感觉皮层表现出一系列普遍存在的动力学特征,例如持续的噪声可变性、瞬态过冲和振荡,到目前为止,这些动力学特征已经摆脱了常见的、原则性的理论解释。

附:英文原文 

Title: Cortical-like dynamics in recurrent circuits optimized for sampling-based probabilistic inference

Author: Rodrigo Echeveste, Laurence Aitchison, Guillaume Hennequin, Mt Lengyel

Issue&Volume: 2020-08-10

Abstract: Sensory cortices display a suite of ubiquitous dynamical features, such as ongoing noise variability, transient overshoots and oscillations, that have so far escaped a common, principled theoretical account. We developed a unifying model for these phenomena by training a recurrent excitatory–inhibitory neural circuit model of a visual cortical hypercolumn to perform sampling-based probabilistic inference. The optimized network displayed several key biological properties, including divisive normalization and stimulus-modulated noise variability, inhibition-dominated transients at stimulus onset and strong gamma oscillations. These dynamical features had distinct functional roles in speeding up inferences and made predictions that we confirmed in novel analyses of recordings from awake monkeys. Our results suggest that the basic motifs of cortical dynamics emerge as a consequence of the efficient implementation of the same computational function—fast sampling-based inference—and predict further properties of these motifs that can be tested in future experiments.

DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-0671-1

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-020-0671-1

Nature Neuroscience:《自然—神经科学》,创刊于1998年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团,最新IF:28.771
官方网址:https://www.nature.com/neuro/
投稿链接:https://mts-nn.nature.com/cgi-bin/main.plex


本期文章:《自然—神经科学》:Online/在线发表

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