小柯机器人

美国国立卫生研究院Vincent J. Munster、英国牛津大学Sarah C. Gilbert等研究人员合作发现，ChAdOx1 nCoV-19疫苗可预防恒河猴的SARS-CoV-2肺炎。这一研究成果于2020年7月30日在线发表在《自然》上。

研究人员发现，腺病毒载体疫苗ChAdOx1 nCoV-19（编码SARS-CoV-2的突刺蛋白）在小鼠中具有免疫原性，并引起强烈的体液和细胞介导的反应。该反应主要是Th1，如IgG亚类和细胞因子表达谱所证实。用ChAdOx1 nCoV-19（仅限初免和初免-加强疗法）接种疫苗可在猕猴中诱导Th1/Th2体液和细胞免疫反应。

研究人员观察到，与对照组相比，SARS-CoV-2感染的猕猴支气管肺泡灌洗液和下呼吸道组织中的病毒载量显著降低，并且在接种的动物中未观察到肺炎。但是，接种疫苗的动物与对照动物的鼻腔脱落没有差异。重要的是，研究人员未观察到在疫苗接种的动物中病毒攻击后产生免疫增强疾病。因此，研究人员将在随机对照人类临床试验中评估ChAdOx1 nCoV-19对有症状的PCR阳性COVID-19疾病的安全性、免疫原性和功效。

附：英文原文

Title: ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine prevents SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in rhesus macaques

Author: Neeltje van Doremalen, Teresa Lambe, Alexandra Spencer, Sandra Belij-Rammerstorfer, Jyothi N. Purushotham, Julia R. Port, Victoria A. Avanzato, Trenton Bushmaker, Amy Flaxman, Marta Ulaszewska, Friederike Feldmann, Elizabeth R. Allen, Hannah Sharpe, Jonathan Schulz, Myndi Holbrook, Atsushi Okumura, Kimberly Meade-White, Lizzette Prez-Prez, Nick J. Edwards, Daniel Wright, Cameron Bissett, Ciaran Gilbride, Brandi N. Williamson, Rebecca Rosenke, Dan Long, Alka Ishwarbhai, Reshma Kailath, Louisa Rose, Susan Morris, Claire Powers, Jamie Lovaglio, Patrick W. Hanley, Dana Scott, Greg Saturday, Emmie de Wit, Sarah C. Gilbert, Vincent J. Munster

Issue&Volume: 2020-07-30

Abstract: Vaccines are an essential countermeasure urgently needed to control the pandemic4. Here, we show that the adenovirus-vectored vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, encoding the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, is immunogenic in mice, eliciting a robust humoral and cell-mediated response. This response was predominantly Th1, as demonstrated by IgG subclass and cytokine expression profiling. Vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (prime-only and prime-boost regimen) induced a balanced Th1/Th2 humoral and cellular immune response in rhesus macaques. We observed a significantly reduced viral load in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lower respiratory tract tissue of vaccinated rhesus macaques challenged with SARS-CoV-2 compared with control animals, and no pneumonia was observed in vaccinated animals. However, there was no difference in nasal shedding between vaccinated and control animals. Importantly, no evidence of immune-enhanced disease following viral challenge in vaccinated animals was observed. Safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 against symptomatic PCR-positive COVID-19 disease will now be assessed in randomised controlled human clinical trials.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2608-y

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2608-y

Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504
官方网址：http://www.nature.com/
投稿链接：http://www.nature.com/authors/submit_manuscript.html