匈牙利实验医学研究所Balzs Hangya研究组近日取得一项新成果。他们的最新研究揭示两种基底前脑胆碱能神经元（BFCN）的明显同步、皮质耦合和行为功能。相关论文发表在2020年6月22日的《自然—神经科学》杂志上。
他们记录了体内BFCN，以检查其行为功能，也在体外记录了BFCN，以研究其内在特性。他们确定了两种不同类型的BFCN，它们的触发方式、同步属性和行为相关性不同。爆发胆碱能神经元（Burst-BFCNs）同步发出信号，相位锁定到皮层theta活动，并在奖励和惩罚后精确发出信号，且定时爆发。
规则发射信号的胆碱能神经元（Reg-BFCNs）主要在后基底前脑中发现，表现出较强的theta节律性，并在行为输出后以精确的单个尖峰响应。在听觉检测任务中，Burst-BFCN与听觉皮层的同步可预测行为反应的时机，而Reg-BFCN的音诱皮质耦合可预测正确的检测。
他们建议两种基础前脑胆碱能神经元类型的差异招募产生行为特定的皮层激活。 Laszlovszky等证明存在两种类型的胆碱能神经元，它们在细胞生理学上是不同的，与皮层振荡、各组内的同步性、行为表现相关以及解剖学分布有关。
据介绍，BFCN调节突触可塑性、皮层加工、脑部状态和振动。但是，尚不清楚不同类型的BFCN是否支持不同的功能。
附：英文原文
Title: Distinct synchronization, cortical coupling and behavioral function of two basal forebrain cholinergic neuron types
Author: Tams Laszlovszky, Dniel Schlingloff, Panna Hegeds, Tams F. Freund, Attila Gulys, Adam Kepecs, Balzs Hangya
Issue&Volume: 2020-06-22
Abstract: Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) modulate synaptic plasticity, cortical processing, brain states and oscillations. However, whether distinct types of BFCNs support different functions remains unclear. Therefore, we recorded BFCNs in vivo, to examine their behavioral functions, and in vitro, to study their intrinsic properties. We identified two distinct types of BFCNs that differ in their firing modes, synchronization properties and behavioral correlates. Bursting cholinergic neurons (Burst-BFCNs) fired synchronously, phase-locked to cortical theta activity and fired precisely timed bursts after reward and punishment. Regular-firing cholinergic neurons (Reg-BFCNs) were found predominantly in the posterior basal forebrain, displayed strong theta rhythmicity and responded with precise single spikes after behavioral outcomes. In an auditory detection task, synchronization of Burst-BFCNs to the auditory cortex predicted the timing of behavioral responses, whereas tone-evoked cortical coupling of Reg-BFCNs predicted correct detections. We propose that differential recruitment of two basal forebrain cholinergic neuron types generates behavior-specific cortical activation. Laszlovszky et al. demonstrate the presence of two types of cholinergic neurons that differ in cellular physiology, coupling with cortical oscillations, synchrony within each group, behavior performance correlates and anatomical distribution.
DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-0648-0
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-020-0648-0
Nature Neuroscience：《自然—神经科学》，创刊于1998年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：28.771
官方网址：https://www.nature.com/neuro/
投稿链接：https://mts-nn.nature.com/cgi-bin/main.plex
本期文章：《自然—神经科学》：Online/在线发表
