小柯机器人

科学家绘制出生物界的蛋白质图谱
2020-06-21 19:24

德国马克斯普朗克研究所Matthias Mann团队绘制出生物界的蛋白质图谱。2020年6月17日,《自然》杂志在线发表了这项成果。

研究人员使用先进的蛋白质组学工作流程(其中肽分离步骤是通过微结构且可高度重现的色谱系统执行的)来深入研究100种分类学多样的生物。通过以标准化方式获得的200万个肽段和340,000个严格的蛋白质鉴定,研究人员利用科学界已知的可靠实验证据将蛋白质的数量增加了一倍。数据还为基于序列的机器学习提供了大规模的案例研究,正如通过实验所证实的。
 
这些结果提供了整个进化范围内生物体功能组织的比较观点。在所有生物界中,蛋白质组总质量中有很大一部分用于蛋白质稳态和折叠,这突出了所有生物分支中维持蛋白质结构的重要性。同样,能源供应量也很高,尽管这些途径从光合作用到铁硫代谢再到碳水化合物代谢。通常,蛋白质和蛋白质组在生物体之间差异很大,这些信息可以在www.proteomesoflife.org上轻松地对其进行探索和功能比较。
 
据悉,蛋白质在所有生物学领域均具有绝大多数功能,但是由于技术原因,蛋白质的大规模研究已落后于基因组研究。自从报道了第一个基本完整的真核生物蛋白质组以来,基于质谱的蛋白质组学的发展已使人类蛋白质组学的鉴定和定量化越来越全面。但是,与基因组学计划形成鲜明对比的是,几乎没有物种间的比较。
 
附:英文原文

Title: The proteome landscape of the kingdoms of life

Author: Johannes B. Mller, Philipp E. Geyer, Ana R. Colao, Peter V. Treit, Maximilian T. Strauss, Mario Oroshi, Sophia Doll, Sebastian Virreira Winter, Jakob M. Bader, Niklas Khler, Fabian Theis, Alberto Santos, Matthias Mann

Issue&Volume: 2020-06-17

Abstract: Proteins carry out the vast majority of functions in all biological domains, but for technological reasons their large-scale investigation has lagged behind the study of genomes. Since the first essentially complete eukaryotic proteome was reported1, advances in mass-spectrometry-based proteomics2 have enabled increasingly comprehensive identification and quantification of the human proteome3,4,5,6. However, there have been few comparisons across species7,8, in stark contrast with genomics initiatives9. Here we use an advanced proteomics workflow—in which the peptide separation step is performed by a microstructured and extremely reproducible chromatographic system—for the in-depth study of 100 taxonomically diverse organisms. With two million peptide and 340,000 stringent protein identifications obtained in a standardized manner, we double the number of proteins with solid experimental evidence known to the scientific community. The data also provide a large-scale case study for sequence-based machine learning, as we demonstrate by experimentally confirming the predicted properties of peptides from Bacteroides uniformis. Our results offer a comparative view of the functional organization of organisms across the entire evolutionary range. A remarkably high fraction of the total proteome mass in all kingdoms is dedicated to protein homeostasis and folding, highlighting the biological challenge of maintaining protein structure in all branches of life. Likewise, a universally high fraction is involved in supplying energy resources, although these pathways range from photosynthesis through iron sulfur metabolism to carbohydrate metabolism. Generally, however, proteins and proteomes are remarkably diverse between organisms, and they can readily be explored and functionally compared at www.proteomesoflife.org.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2402-x

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2402-x

Nature:《自然》,创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团,最新IF:69.504
官方网址:http://www.nature.com/
投稿链接:http://www.nature.com/authors/submit_manuscript.html


本期文章:《自然》:Online/在线发表

分享到:

0