小柯机器人

英国剑桥大学David H. Rowitch和Omer Ali Bayraktar课题组合作绘制单细胞原位转录组图，揭示哺乳动物大脑皮层中的星形胶质细胞层。2020年3月16日出版的《自然-神经科学》杂志发表了这项成果。

研究组开发了一条大容量的管道，即大面积空间转录组图（LaST）图，可以原位定量单细胞基因的表达。为研究星形胶质细胞多样性，研究组筛选了小鼠皮质中46个候选基因。他们在与神经元不同的梯度层模式中鉴别了浅层、中层和深层星形胶质细胞身份。星形胶质细胞层特征在出生后的早期皮质中建立，大部分持续存在于成年小鼠和人类皮质中。

单细胞RNA测序和空间重建分析进一步证实了成人皮质中星形胶质细胞层的存在。改变神经元有丝分裂后发育的Satb2和Reeler突变足以改变神经胶质分层，表明对神经元发生具有指导作用。最后，星形胶质细胞层模式在小鼠皮质区域之间分化。这些发现表明，兴奋性神经元和星形胶质细胞被组织成不同的谱系相关的层。

据悉，尽管大脑皮层组织为六个兴奋性神经元层，但尚不清楚神经胶质细胞是否表现出明显的分层。

附：英文原文

Title: Astrocyte layers in the mammalian cerebral cortex revealed by a single-cell in situ transcriptomic map

Author: Omer Ali Bayraktar, Theresa Bartels, Staffan Holmqvist, Vitalii Kleshchevnikov, Araks Martirosyan, Damon Polioudakis, Lucile Ben Haim, Adam M. H. Young, Mykhailo Y. Batiuk, Kirti Prakash, Alexander Brown, Kenny Roberts, Mercedes F. Paredes, Riki Kawaguchi, John H. Stockley, Khalida Sabeur, Sandra M. Chang, Eric Huang, Peter Hutchinson, Erik M. Ullian, Martin Hemberg, Giovanni Coppola, Matthew G. Holt, Daniel H. Geschwind, David H. Rowitch

Issue&Volume: 2020-03-16

Abstract: Although the cerebral cortex is organized into six excitatory neuronal layers, it is unclear whether glial cells show distinct layering. In the present study, we developed a high-content pipeline, the large-area spatial transcriptomic (LaST) map, which can quantify single-cell gene expression in situ. Screening 46 candidate genes for astrocyte diversity across the mouse cortex, we identified superficial, mid and deep astrocyte identities in gradient layer patterns that were distinct from those of neurons. Astrocyte layer features, established in the early postnatal cortex, mostly persisted in adult mouse and human cortex. Single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial reconstruction analysis further confirmed the presence of astrocyte layers in the adult cortex. Satb2 and Reeler mutations that shifted neuronal post-mitotic development were sufficient to alter glial layering, indicating an instructive role for neuronal cues. Finally, astrocyte layer patterns diverged between mouse cortical regions. These findings indicate that excitatory neurons and astrocytes are organized into distinct lineage-associated laminae.

DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-0602-1

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-020-0602-1

Nature Neuroscience：《自然—神经科学》，创刊于1998年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：28.771
官方网址：https://www.nature.com/neuro/
投稿链接：https://mts-nn.nature.com/cgi-bin/main.plex