小柯机器人

微生物群的整体化学效应
2020-02-27 15:41

美国加州大学圣地亚哥分校Pieter C. Dorrestein小组揭示了微生物群的整体化学效应,包括产生新的胆汁酸结合物。相关论文于2020年2月26日在线发表在《自然》杂志上。

研究人员使用质谱信息学和数据可视化方法,通过比较无菌和无特定病原体小鼠的代谢组学数据,评估了微生物组对整个哺乳动物化学的影响。研究人员发现微生物群影响所有器官的化学。其中包括宿主胆汁酸的氨基酸结合物,这些结合物可用于生产苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和亮胆酸,尽管在胆汁酸化学方面进行了广泛研究,但之前的研究未揭示此用途。在人类中也发现了这些胆汁酸结合物,并在炎症性肠病或囊性纤维化患者中富集。这些化合物在体外激活法尼醇X受体;用这些化合物处理小鼠,其体内胆汁酸合成基因表达降低。这些化合物在宿主中是否具有生理作用需要进一步的研究,以及确定它们是否与微生物群营养不良有关。

据了解,所有后生动物及其微生物群落之间都发生了许多跨门的化学相互作用。微生物组产生的许多分子家族对健康与疾病之间的平衡有明显影响。考虑到人类微生物组的多样性(其数量超过40,000个操作生物分类单位),微生物组对整个动物化学的影响仍未得到充分研究。

附:英文原文

Title: Global chemical effects of the microbiome include new bile-acid conjugations

Author: Robert A. Quinn, Alexey V. Melnik, Alison Vrbanac, Ting Fu, Kathryn A. Patras, Mitchell P. Christy, Zsolt Bodai, Pedro Belda-Ferre, Anupriya Tripathi, Lawton K. Chung, Michael Downes, Ryan D. Welch, Melissa Quinn, Greg Humphrey, Morgan Panitchpakdi, Kelly C. Weldon, Alexander Aksenov, Ricardo da Silva, Julian Avila-Pacheco, Clary Clish, Sena Bae, Himel Mallick, Eric A. Franzosa, Jason Lloyd-Price, Robert Bussell, Taren Thron, Andrew T. Nelson, Mingxun Wang, Eric Leszczynski, Fernando Vargas, Julia M. Gauglitz, Michael J. Meehan, Emily Gentry, Timothy D. Arthur, Alexis C. Komor, Orit Poulsen, Brigid S. Boland, John T. Chang, William J. Sandborn, Meerana Lim, Neha Garg, Julie C. Lumeng, Ramnik J. Xavier, Barbara I. Kazmierczak, Ruchi Jain, Marie Egan, Kyung E. Rhee, David Ferguson, Manuela Raffatellu, Hera Vlamakis, Gabriel G. Haddad, Dionicio Siegel, Curtis Huttenhower, Sarkis K. Mazmanian, Ronald M. Evans, Victor Nizet, Rob Knight, Pieter C. Dorrestein

Issue&Volume: 2020-02-26

Abstract: A mosaic of cross-phylum chemical interactions occurs between all metazoans and their microbiomes. A number of molecular families that are known to be produced by the microbiome have a marked effect on the balance between health and disease1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9. Considering the diversity of the human microbiome (which numbers over 40,000 operational taxonomic units10), the effect of the microbiome on the chemistry of an entire animal remains underexplored. Here we use mass spectrometry informatics and data visualization approaches11,12,13 to provide an assessment of the effects of the microbiome on the chemistry of an entire mammal by comparing metabolomics data from germ-free and specific-pathogen-free mice. We found that the microbiota affects the chemistry of all organs. This included the amino acid conjugations of host bile acids that were used to produce phenylalanocholic acid, tyrosocholic acid and leucocholic acid, which have not previously been characterized despite extensive research on bile-acid chemistry14. These bile-acid conjugates were also found in humans, and were enriched in patients with inflammatory bowel disease or cystic fibrosis. These compounds agonized the farnesoid X receptor in vitro, and mice gavaged with the compounds showed reduced expression of bile-acid synthesis genes in vivo. Further studies are required to confirm whether these compounds have a physiological role in the host, and whether they contribute to gut diseases that are associated with microbiome dysbiosis.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2047-9

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2047-9

Nature:《自然》,创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团,最新IF:69.504
官方网址:http://www.nature.com/
投稿链接:http://www.nature.com/authors/submit_manuscript.html


本期文章:《自然》:Online/在线发表

分享到:

0