小柯机器人

研究揭示世界范围内岛屿鸟类的多样性
2020-02-21 13:32

德国Naturkunde博物馆Luis Valente等研究人员利用一个简单的动态模型解释了世界范围内岛屿的鸟类多样性。该项研究成果于2020年2月19日在线发表于《自然》杂志。

据研究人员介绍,定植、物种形成和灭绝是影响物种丰富度全球模式的动态过程。据岛屿生物地理学理论预测,这些过程对物种多样性积累的贡献取决于岛屿的面积和孤立性。值得注意的是,由于没有适当的数据或分析工具,无法对这一预测进行全球性测试。

研究人员解决了这些问题,他们发现对于岛屿鸟类而言,决定着定植、灭绝和物种形成率如何与岛屿的面积和孤立性相关的关系。研究人员基于全球41个海洋群岛(包括596个禽类)的陆地鸟类建立了岛屿鸟类的全球分子系统发育数据集,并应用了一种新的分析方法来估算特定于岛屿的定居率、物种形成和灭绝的敏感性与岛屿特征(区域和孤立)。

这一模型高度预测了几种全球关系。研究人员发现定植随着孤立而减少,灭绝随着面积而减少,但物种形成随着面积和孤立而增加。将岛屿生物地理学的理论基础与分子系统发育学中包含的时间信息相结合,研究人员证明了一种有力的方法来揭示控制整个地球生物多样性变化的基本关系。

附:英文原文

Title: A simple dynamic model explains the diversity of island birds worldwide

Author: Luis Valente, Albert B. Phillimore, Martim Melo, Ben H. Warren, Sonya M. Clegg, Katja Havenstein, Ralph Tiedemann, Juan Carlos Illera, Christophe Thbaud, Tina Aschenbach, Rampal S. Etienne

Issue&Volume: 2020-02-19

Abstract: Colonization, speciation and extinction are dynamic processes that influence global patterns of species richness1,2,3,4,5,6. Island biogeography theory predicts that the contribution of these processes to the accumulation of species diversity depends on the area and isolation of the island7,8. Notably, there has been no robust global test of this prediction for islands where speciation cannot be ignored9, because neither the appropriate data nor the analytical tools have been available. Here we address both deficiencies to reveal, for island birds, the empirical shape of the general relationships that determine how colonization, extinction and speciation rates co-vary with the area and isolation of islands. We compiled a global molecular phylogenetic dataset of birds on islands, based on the terrestrial avifaunas of 41 oceanic archipelagos worldwide (including 596 avian taxa), and applied a new analysis method to estimate the sensitivity of island-specific rates of colonization, speciation and extinction to island features (area and isolation). Our model predicts—with high explanatory power—several global relationships. We found a decline in colonization with isolation, a decline in extinction with area and an increase in speciation with area and isolation. Combining the theoretical foundations of island biogeography7,8 with the temporal information contained in molecular phylogenies10 proves a powerful approach to reveal the fundamental relationships that govern variation in biodiversity across the planet.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2022-5

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2022-5

Nature:《自然》,创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团,最新IF:69.504
官方网址:http://www.nature.com/
投稿链接:http://www.nature.com/authors/submit_manuscript.html


本期文章:《自然》:Online/在线发表

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