小柯机器人

研究发现压力导“一夜”白头的机制
2020-01-28 22:51

美国哈佛大学Ya-Chieh Hsu研究组发现,交感神经的过度活化导致黑素细胞干细胞的耗竭。相关论文2020年1月22日在线发表于《自然》。

研究人员发现,在小鼠中,急性应激会通过快速消耗黑素细胞干细胞而导致毛发变白。结合肾上腺切除术、去神经支配、化学遗传学、细胞敲除以及在黑素细胞干细胞中特异性敲除肾上腺素能受体,研究人员发现应激诱导的黑素细胞干细胞的丢失与免疫攻击或肾上腺应激激素无关。而是,毛发变白是由支配黑素细胞干细胞微环境的交感神经的激活引起的。在压力条件下,这些交感神经的激活导致神经递质去甲肾上腺素(也称为去甲肾上腺素)的突然释放。这会导致静止的黑素细胞干细胞迅速增殖,继之以分化、迁移以及从微环境中永久枯竭。短暂抑制黑素细胞干细胞的增殖可防止压力诱导的毛发白发。这项研究表明,急性应激诱导的神经元活动可导致体干细胞的快速和永久性丧失,并举例说明了成体干细胞的维持直接受生物整体生理状态的影响。
 
据悉,经验和轶事证据表明,压力与加速的头发变白(无色素的头发形成)有关,但到目前为止,对此联系的科学验证很少。
 
附:英文原文

Title: Hyperactivation of sympathetic nerves drives depletion of melanocyte stem cells

Author: Bing Zhang, Sai Ma, Inbal Rachmin, Megan He, Pankaj Baral, Sekyu Choi, William A. Gonalves, Yulia Shwartz, Eva M. Fast, Yiqun Su, Leonard I. Zon, Aviv Regev, Jason D. Buenrostro, Thiago M. Cunha, Isaac M. Chiu, David E. Fisher, Ya-Chieh Hsu

Issue&Volume: 2020-01-22

Abstract: Empirical and anecdotal evidence has associated stress with accelerated hair greying (formation of unpigmented hairs)1,2, but so far there has been little scientific validation of this link. Here we report that, in mice, acute stress leads to hair greying through the fast depletion of melanocyte stem cells. Using a combination of adrenalectomy, denervation, chemogenetics3,4, cell ablation and knockout of the adrenergic receptor specifically in melanocyte stem cells, we find that the stress-induced loss of melanocyte stem cells is independent of immune attack or adrenal stress hormones. Instead, hair greying results from activation of the sympathetic nerves that innervate the melanocyte stem-cell niche. Under conditions of stress, the activation of these sympathetic nerves leads to burst release of the neurotransmitter noradrenaline (also known as norepinephrine). This causes quiescent melanocyte stem cells to proliferate rapidly, and is followed by their differentiation, migration and permanent depletion from the niche. Transient suppression of the proliferation of melanocyte stem cells prevents stress-induced hair greying. Our study demonstrates that neuronal activity that is induced by acute stress can drive a rapid and permanent loss of somatic stem cells, and illustrates an example in which the maintenance of somatic stem cells is directly influenced by the overall physiological state of the organism.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-1935-3

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-1935-3

Nature:《自然》,创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团,最新IF:69.504
官方网址:http://www.nature.com/
投稿链接:http://www.nature.com/authors/submit_manuscript.html


本期文章:《自然》:Online/在线发表

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